Soc Chap. 5 (Structure & Interaction)

Front 1

The shared experiences through which people relate to one another

Back 1

Social Interaction

Front 2

The way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships

Back 2

Social Structure

Front 3

The social positions we occupy relative to others

Back 3

Status

Front 4

A social position assigned to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics

Back 4

Ascribed Status

Front 5

A social position that is within our power to charge

Back 5

Achieved Status

Front 6

A status that dominates others and thereby determines a person's general position in society

Back 6

Master Status

Front 7

A set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status

Back 7

Social Role

Front 8

The situation that occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more social statuses held by the same person

Back 8

Role Conflict

Front 9

The difficulty that arises when the same social status imposes conflicting demands and expectations

Back 9

Role Strain

Front 10

The process of disengagement from a role that is central to one's self-identity in order to establish a new role and identity

Back 10

Role Exit

Front 11

Any number of people with shared norms, values, and goals who interact with one another one a regular basis

Back 11

Group

Front 12

A small group characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation

Back 12

Primary Group

Front 13

A formal, impersonal group in which there is little social intimacy or mutual understanding

Back 13

Secondary Group

Front 14

Any group or category to which people feel they belong

Back 14

In-Group

Front 15

A group of category to which people feel they do not belong

Back 15

Out-Group

Front 16

Any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior

Back 16

Reference Group

Front 17

A temporary or permanent alliance geared toward a common goal

Back 17

Coalition

Front 18

A series of social relationships that links individuals directly to others and, through them, indirectly to still more people

Back 18

Social Network

Front 19

A person's online representation as a character; whither in the form of a 2-D or 3-D image or simply through text

Back 19

Avatar

Front 20

An organized pattern of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs

Back 20

Social Institution

Front 21

A component of formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency

Back 21

Bureaucracy

Front 22

An abstract model of the essential characteristics of a phenomenon

Back 22

Ideal Type

Front 23

Loss of control over our creative human capacity to produce, separation from the products we make, and isolation from our fellow producers

Back 23

Alienation

Front 24

The tendency of workers in a bureaucracy to become so specialized that they develop blind spots and fail to notice potential problems

Back 24

Trained Incapacity

Front 25

Overzealous conformity to official regulations of a bureaucracy

Back 25

Goal Displacement

Front 26

The process by which a group, organization, or social movement increasingly relies on technical-rational decision making in the pursuit of efficiency

Back 26

Bureaucratization

Front 27

The process by which the principles of efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control shape organization and decision making, in the United States and around the world

Back 27

McDonaldization

Front 28

The principle that all organizations, even democratic ones, tend to develop into a bureaucracy ruled by an elite few

Back 28

Iron Law of Oligarchy

Front 29

An approach to the study of formal organizations that views workers as being motivated almost entirely by economic rewards

Back 29

Classical Theory

Front 30

Another name for the classical theory of formal organizations

Back 30

Scientific Management Approach

Front 31

An approach to the study of formal organizations that emphasizes the role of people, communication, and participation in a bureaucracy and tends to focus on the informal structure of the organization

Back 31

Human Relations Approach

Front 32

A close-knit community, often found in rural areas, in which strong personal bonds unite members

Back 32

Geminschaft

Front 33

A community, often urban, that is large and impersonal with little commitment to the group or consensus on values

Back 33

Gesllschaft

Front 34

Social cohesion based on shared experiences, knowledge and skills in which things unction more or less the way they always have, with minimal change

Back 34

Mechanical Solidarity

Front 35

A collective consciousness that rests on mutual interdependence, characteristic of societies with a complex division of labor

Back 35

Organic Solidarity

Front 36

A preindustrial society in which people rely on whatever foods and fibers are readily available in order to survive

Back 36

Hunting-And-Gathering Society

Front 37

A preindustrial society in which people plant seeds and crops rather than merely subsist on available foods

Back 37

Horticultural Society

Front 38

The most technologically advanced form of preindustrial society. Members are engaged primarily in the production of food, but they increase their crop yields through technological innovations such as the plow

Back 38

Agrarian Society

Front 39

A society that depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services

Back 39

Industrial Society

Front 40

A society whose economic system is engaged primarily in the processing and control of information

Back 40

Postindustrial Society

Front 41

A technologically sophisticated, pluralistic, interconnected, globalized society

Back 41

Postmodern Society