Soc 100 Chapter 6

Front 1

deviance

Back 1

occurs when someone departs from a norm and evokes a reaction from others

Front 2

crime

Back 2

deviance that is against the law

Front 3

law

Back 3

a norm stipulated an enforce by government bodies

Front 4

informal punishment

Back 4

involves a mild sanction that is imposed during face to face interaction not by the judicial system

Front 5

sanction

Back 5

actions indicating disapproval of deviance

Front 6

stigmatized

Back 6

a marker that distinguishes some people from others and allows them to be negatively evaluated and treated

Front 7

Formal punishment

Back 7

punishment that takes place then the judicial system penalizes someone for breaking a law

Front 8

social diversion

Back 8

a minor act of deviance that is generally perceived as relatively harmless and that evokes, at most, a mild societal reaction such as amusement or distain

Front 9

social deviations

Back 9

noncriminal departures from norms that are nonetheless subject to official control. some members of the public regard them as somewhat harmful, whereas other members of the public don't

Front 10

conflict crimes

Back 10

illegal acts that many people consider harmful to society and that other people thing are not very harmful. Such crimes are punishable by the state.

Front 11

consensus crimes

Back 11

illegal acts that nearly all people agree are bad and harm society greatly. The state inflicts severe punishment for consensus crimes.

Front 12

White-collar crime

Back 12

an illegal act committed by a respectable, high-status person in the course of work

Front 13

Street crimes

Back 13

crimes that include arson, burglary, assault, and other illegal acts disproportionately committed by people of the lower class

Front 14

victimless crimes

Back 14

crimes that involve violations of the law in which no victim steps forward and is identified

Front 15

self report surveys

Back 15

in such surveys, respondents are asked to report their involvement in criminal activities, either as perpetrators or as victims

Front 16

motivational theories

Back 16

theories that identify the social factors that drive people to commit deviant and criminal acts

Front 17

Constraint theories

Back 17

theories that identify the social factors that impose deviance and crime (or conventional behavior) on people

Front 18

Strain theory

Back 18

a theory which holds that people may turn to deviance when they experience strain. Strain results when a culture teaches people the value of material success and society fails to proved enough legitimate opportunities for everyone to succeed.

Front 19

anomie

Back 19

as defined by robert merton. the mismatch between culturally valued goals and the institutional means of achieving those goals

Front 20

Subcultural Theory

Back 20

This theory argues that gangs are a collective adaptation to social conditions. Distinct norms and values that reject the legitimate world crystallize in gangs

Front 21

techniques of neutralization

Back 21

the rationalization that deviants and criminals use to justify their activities. Techniques of neutralization make deviance and crime seem normal, at lease to the deviants and criminals themselves

Front 22

learning theory

Back 22

people become deviants or criminals-- or fail to do so-- because of "differential association" (i.e. they are exposed to and therefore learn deviant and criminal values to varying degrees)

Front 23

master status

Back 23

one's overriding public identity

Front 24

control theory

Back 24

this theory holds that the rewards of deviance and crime are ample. therefore, everyone would engage in deviance and crime if they could get away with it, and the degree to which people are prevented from violating norms and laws accounts for variations in the level of deviance and crime

Front 25

conflict theories of deviance and crime

Back 25

a category of theories which hold that deviance and crime arise out of the conflict between the powerful and powerless