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130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Schirmer Tear Test normal range |
15-25 mm |
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SQ fluids how many ml's per kg |
10-20 ml/kg |
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SQ fluid absorption rate |
6-8 hours, up to 24-36 hours |
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2 intranasal vaccines |
Bordetella bronchiseptica and Feline FVRCP |
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3 techniques for SQ fluids |
1.syringe and needle, or butterfly catheter 2. Syringe and needle with flexible tubing 3. Bag with extension set |
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The size needle used for SQ fluids |
18 gauge |
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How are topical/transdermal medications activated |
By heat |
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5 common ear problems |
Mites, Bacterial otitis, Yeast infection (Malassezia), Chronic allergy otitis, Aural hematoma |
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2 ways to perform a skin culture |
1. Culture with syringe 2. Culturette |
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What parasite is the scotch tape method used to find |
Cheylettiella |
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The 6 main things tested for in a urinalysis |
proteins, glucose, ketones, RBC's, bilirubin, pH |
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What age can dogs be vaccinated for Rabies, Borrelia, and Leptospirosis |
12 weeks |
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What age can dogs be vaccinated for Bordetella |
8 weeks |
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Tonopen normal range |
10-25 |
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Tonopon range indicating glaucoma |
>25 |
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Tonopen range indicating anterior uveitis |
<10 |
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2 Non-core feline vaccines |
FelV (Feline leukemia Virus) and FIV (Feline Immunodeficiency Virus) |
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What does NSF stand for on a SOAP |
No significant findings |
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What does ENT stand for on a SOAP |
Ears, nose, and throat |
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2 blood draw sites for snakes/lizards |
Ventral coccygeal vein and heart |
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Blood draw site for "hot" (poisonous) snake |
Palatine vein |
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Maximum amount of blood that can be drawn from an animal |
No more than 10% of body weight |
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Arterial blood collection site |
Femoral artery |
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How long to hold off after arterial blood collection |
2 minutes |
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Which tube do we use for serum and procedure |
Red Top/Tiger Top Clot 15-30 minutes, centrifuge 10-15 minutes, refrigerate (no additives in tube) 24-48 hours, freeze indefinately |
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Where do we draw blood from birds (2 sites) |
The wing vein or the RIGHT jugular |
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FIV vaccine dosage timetable |
3 doses and an annual booster |
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FelV vaccine dosage timetable |
2 doses and an annual booster |
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2 CORE feline vaccines |
Rabies and FVRCP |
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Feline and Canine Rabies vaccine dosage schedule |
Over 12 weeks of age... dose, 1 year booster, booster every 1-3 years depending upon local laws |
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FVRCP dosage schedule if begun at 6 weeks of age |
3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart, booster at one year, booster at 3 years |
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FVRCP dosage schedule if begun at 16 weeks of age |
2 doses, 3-4 weeks apart, booster at one year, booster at 3 years |
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DA2PP vaccine dosage schedule if begun under 16 weeks of age |
3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart, booster at one year, booster at 3 years |
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DA2PP vaccine dosage schedule if begun at 16 weeks of age |
One dose, booster at one year, booster at 3 years |
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Can Leptospirosis vaccine be combined with Distemper |
Yes |
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3 Non-core canine vaccines |
Borrelia burgdorferi, Leptospirosis, and Bordetella bronchiseptica |
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Can ferrets get canine distemper virus |
Yes |
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Can ferrets receive canine distemper vaccine |
No |
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DA2PP does not prevent, but limits the severity of what 3 diseases? |
Hepatitis, Parvo, and Parainfluenza |
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What helps with a blood draw on a fractious animal |
Use a butterfly catheter |
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2 reasons to administer a drug intrarectally |
Seizures, Vomiting |
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How far in to administer a drug intrarectally |
approximately 5 cm, or 1/2 an index finger |
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3 Important considerations when administering topical drugs |
1. Wear gloves! 2. Rotate application sites 3. If using a patch, wrap with paper or cover in litter, ziploc bag, then toss |
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How do we perform an allergy test on cats |
Blood testing |
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How do we perform allergy test on dogs |
Intradermal skin injection test |
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What size needle is used to perform allergy test on dogs |
25 gauge or 27 gauge |
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When do we check a dog for reaction post allergy test |
24 hours later |
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IP injection site for cats and dogs - which side |
Either side -STERILE PREP! |
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Typical needle size for IM injections/blood draws |
20 gauge - 22 gauge |
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IM injection sites dog/cat |
Triceps, Quadriceps, Semi mems/tens, Lumbosacral (Epaxial) |
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Term for medication going outside of a vein |
Perivascular |
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IV/blood draw sites for cats/dogs |
Jugular, Cephalic, DOGS- lateral saphenous, CATS- femoral |
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What is the most common route used for most canine/feline vaccines |
SQ |
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How long does an IP injection site euthenasia take to take effect |
15 minutes |
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Why do we apply alcohol before a blood draw |
Parts hair, causes vasodilation for better visualization |
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2 reasons to use a 25 or 28 gauge needle for blood collection |
Fragile vessels or frequent draws (glucose) |
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Which tube do we use for plasma and technique |
Green Top. Centrifuge 10 minutes, use or refrigerate within one hour |
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Definition of serum |
Fluid portion of the blood with clotting factors removed |
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Definition of plasma |
Fluid portion of the blood with the cells suspended |
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Most important consideration when dealing with a dog with Parvovirus |
Quarantine! |
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4 Signs of full anal sacs |
1. Scooting 2. Excessive licking 3. Discharge 4. Foul odor |
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What do we use to stop bleeding from nail trim |
Silver nitrate sticks |
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3 Reasons to perform an enema |
1. To remove feces 2. To administer TX/Meds 3. Diagnostic testing (Radiographs) |
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3 SAFE enema's to use |
1. Soap and water 2. Glycerin and water 3. Commercial enemas WITHOUT phosphates |
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Why are commercial enemas containing phosphates dangerous for dogs/cats? |
May cause hypocalcemia |
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4 Clinical signs of Diabetes Mellitus |
1. PU/PD 2. Decreased weight 3.Increased appetite 4.Lens opacities (dogs) |
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What causes Diabetes Mellitus |
The pancreas not producing enough insulin to help glucose move into the cells |
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Define crackles/rales |
Short, popping sounds |
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Define wheezes |
Long, musical sounds |
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Define stridor |
Snoring, squeaking, or whistling |
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5 Rights to observe before medicating |
1. Correct patient 2. Correct drug 3. Correct dose 4. Correct route 5. Correct time |
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What does specific gravity of urine tell us |
Hydration status |
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4 ways to collect urine sample |
1. Voided (free catch) 2. Manual expression 3. Cystocentesis 4. Catheterization |
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3 ways to perform skin biopsy |
1. Wedge incision 2. Cutaneous punch 3. Fine needle aspirate |
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Define dermatophyte |
Superficial fungus on skin |
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How to test for dermatophytes |
Small tuft of hair, dermatophyte test medium, incubate 7-10 days, NO LIGHT |
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4 Reasons an eye culture is performed |
1. Chronic corneal ulcers 2. Purulent discharge 3. Conjunctivitis 4. Bacterial/viral infections |
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4 Things necessary for an ear FLUSH |
1. Sedation 2. Sterile saline 3. 6cc Syringe with Tom Cat Catheter 4. Auriflush system |
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At what age do testes drop |
8 weeks to 6 months |
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Which term is veterinary only and not to be used on Rx |
SID... should use Q24H |
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Hyperpigmentation is most likely in what animal |
Cats with immune problems |
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Comedones on feline chin most likely indicate what |
A plastic based allergy, most likely food dish |
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FAD stands for |
Flea Allergy Dermatitis |
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Telltale signs of FAD |
Hair thinning around backend/legs, chewing base of tail, moisture at base of tail |
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During PE what are we examing in throat/larynx |
Coughing on or after palpation, pain/swelling, wheezing |
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Nearest point a dog can focus with eyes |
30 cm |
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Rabbit IV sites |
Jug, ear vein |
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Guinea pig IV sites |
Jug (if asleep), Femoral |
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Rat IP injection which side |
Left |
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Mouse IP injection which side |
Right |
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Feline FVRCP vax, which leg |
Front right |
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Feline Rabies vax, which leg |
Right Rear |
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Feline FelV vax, which leg |
Left rear |
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This is an antiseizure drug |
Diazapam (Valium) |
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Cat Temp range |
100 - 102.2 |
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Cat Pulse range |
140 -220 bpm |
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Cat Respiration range |
20 - 42 rpm |
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Dog Temp Range |
100 - 102.2 |
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Dog Pulse range |
60 - 160 bpm |
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Dog Respiration range |
16 - 32 rpm |
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An area of fur with reddish staining indicates what |
Evidence of licking |
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Define crepitis |
Crackling of bones/joints |
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Define menace reflex |
Blinking in response to movement towards the eye (no touching) |
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Define palpebral reflex |
Blinking in response to the touch of the medial or lateral canthus of the eye |
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What is knuckling |
Turning over an animals knuckles during neurological exam to see if animal rights this position |
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When do puppies and kittens open eyes |
around 2 weeks of age |
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What breed of dog is Distichia common in |
Spaniels |
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3 Reasons to test intraocular pressure with tonopen |
1. Any red or painful eye 2. Known and controlled glaucoma 3. Predisposition to glaucoma |
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Purulent ear discharge indicates what |
Bacterial infection |
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2 Things that cause aural hematomas |
Head shaking/scratching and blunt force trauma |
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Ear cytologies test for what 2 things |
Yeast (Malassezia) and Bacteria |
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Ear smears test for what |
Ear mites |
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What drug is used to treat Malassezia (yeast infection) |
Thiabendazole |
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What drug is used to treat ear mites |
Ivermectin |
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How many sites should be used for deep skin scrape test |
Atleast 3 |
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What is CSU |
Colorado State University pain scoring scale |
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Dogs temp can increase with excitement True or False |
True |
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Comedones can become infected True or False |
True |
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Define Anisocoria |
Unequal pupil size |
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One thing that can help calm down a fear biter |
Dimming the lights |
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Is there a cure for Felv or FIV |
No |
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Why do we no longer give cat vaccinations SQ intrascalpular (between shoulder blades) |
Causes fibrosarcoma (cancerous tumor) |
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2 CORE canine vaccines |
Rabies and DA2PP |
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What are rabies booster protocols based on |
Local laws |
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Rabies tag is proof of rabies vaccine True or False |
False |
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Define opsipation |
Impaction - cannot express feces |
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Define parenteral route |
Drug administration through routes other than GI route (oral/rectal)..... IM, IV, Transdermal, IN are all parenteral routes |
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What size air bubble in a syringe is considered safe |
Less than 1 ml |
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What 2 things does a rat's tail provide the rat
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Balance and help with heat loss from the body
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What 2 things are AZO test strips testing for |
Leukocytes and Nitrites |
