Skull/cranial Fossas/sinuses

Front 1

Cutaneous nerve distribution of the face

Back 1

Sensory Innervation of the face is provided by the divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V). Ophthalmic nerve (V1), Maxillary (V2), Mandibular (V3)

Front 2

Ophthalmic division (V1)

Back 2

Innervates the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids, & nose.

Front 3

Maxillary division (V2)

Back 3

Innervates the skin of the lower eyelid, cheek, and upper lip.

Front 4

Mandibular division (V3)

Back 4

Innervates the skin of lower face and part of the side of the head.

Front 5

Cervical spinal nerves 2 & 3

Back 5

Innervate the skin of the posterior part of the head.

Front 6

Frontal bone

Back 6

Superior to the orbit, forms the forehead and the roof of the orbit.

Front 7

Superciliary arch

Back 7

A thickened ridge along the superior margin of the orbit.

Front 8

Supraorbital notch

Back 8

Contained within the right & left superciliary arches and separated by the glabella.

Front 9

Glabella

Back 9

Separate the right & left superciliary arches of the frontal bone.

Front 10

Nasion

Back 10

Inferior to the glabella, the junction between the frontal and nasal bones.

Front 11

Nasal bones

Back 11

Right and left nasal bones form the superior extent of the bridge of the nose.

Front 12

Frontal process of maxilla

Back 12

Posterior to the nasal bones, extending superiorly to the frontal bone.

Front 13

Infraorbital foramen

Back 13

Opening on the anterior surface of the maxilla.

Front 14

Alveolar processes

Back 14

The thickened ridges corresponding to the attachment sites for the upper dentition.

Front 15

Anterior nasal spine

Back 15

In the midline, a small bony projection, oriented anterior and interior to the nasal septum.

Front 16

Nasal septum

Back 16

Superior to the nasal spine.

Front 17

Anterior nasal aperture

Back 17

Bounded by the nasal bones & maxillae.

Front 18

Zygomatic bones

Back 18

Lateral to the maxillae, near the region of the cheek.

Front 19

Orbital margin

Back 19

Formed by 3 bones: frontal, Maxillary, & zygomatic bones

Front 20

Mandible

Back 20

Jaw

Front 21

Alveolar process of mandible

Back 21

Attachment sites for the lower dentition.

Front 22

Mental protuberance

Back 22

Midline of the mandible, a thickened ridge marking the fusion point of the right and left mandible during development.

Front 23

Mental foramen

Back 23

On the anterior surface of the mandible, the bilateral openings.

Front 24

Parietal bones

Back 24

Paired bones posterior to the frontal bone.

Front 25

Superior/inferior temporal Iines

Back 25

On the parietal bones, demarcate the superior attachment of the temporalis muscle.

Front 26

Coronal suture

Back 26

Where the parietal bones articulate anteriorly with the frontal bone.

Front 27

Lambdoid suture

Back 27

Where the parietal bones articulate posteriorly with the occipital bone.

Front 28

Occipital bone

Back 28

The posterior aspect of the skull.

Front 29

Temporal bone

Back 29

On the lateral aspect of the skull.

Front 30

Squamous part

Back 30

The flat part of the temporal bone.

Front 31

Squamosal suture

Back 31

Where the temporal bone meets the parietal bone.

Front 32

Petrous part of temporal bone

Back 32

The "rock-like" portion of the temporal bone that extends into the cranial cavity.

Front 33

External acoustic meatus

Back 33

On the lateral aspect of the temporal bone, an opening anterior to the mastoid process.

Front 34

Zygomatic process

Back 34

Part of the temporal bone that extends toward the zygomatic bone.

Front 35

Temporal process of zygomatic bone

Back 35

Zygomatic process of temporal bone meets this process.

Front 36

Zygomatic arch

Back 36

The zygomatic process of temporal bone and temporal process of zygomatic bone form this structure.

Front 37

Frontal process of zygomatic bone

Back 37

Vertically oriented, articulates with frontal bone lateral to orbital margin.

Front 38

Greater wing of sphenoid bone

Back 38

A depression in the "temple", lateral side of head, anterior to temporal bone.

Front 39

Pterion

Back 39

Superior to the greater wing of the sphenoid. The junction of the frontal bone, parietal bone, greater wing of sphenoid, & squamous part of temporal bone.

Front 40

What is the clinical importance of this area?

Back 40

It's a common site of fracture; the middle meningeal arteries are located here. They can rupture and cause an epidural hematoma (internal bleeding between the skull and the dura mater. More serious than a subdural hematoma.

Front 41

Ramus of mandible

Back 41

The vertical portion.

Front 42

Body of mandible

Back 42

The horizontal portion.

Front 43

Angle of mandible

Back 43

The angular portion between the ramus and body of mandible.

Front 44

Mandibular notch

Back 44

Where the mandible splits superiorly into two processes.

Front 45

Coronoid process of mandible

Back 45

The anterior process of the ramus of the mandible.

Front 46

Condyloid process

Back 46

The posterior process of the ramus of the mandible. The head of mandible serves as the articulation for temporalmandibular joint (TMJ), the only movable joint in the adult skull.

Front 47

Calvaria

Back 47

"skull cap", formed by parts of the frontal, parietal, and occipital bones connected through sutures.

Front 48

Frontal (metopic) sutures.

Back 48

Forms between the ossification centers of the paired frontal bones, usually not seen in th adult.

Front 49

Sagittal suture

Back 49

Lies between the two parietal bones.

Front 50

Bregma

Back 50

The point where the coronal and sagittal sutures meet.

Front 51

Lambda

Back 51

The point where the sagittal and lambdoid sutures meet.

Front 52

What are the 3 membranes of the brain?

Back 52

The 3 meninges are called dura mater, arachnoid mater, & pia mater.

Front 53

What are the 2 layers of the dura mater?

Back 53

Periosteal layer & internal meningeal layer. Where they separate they enclose the dural venous sinuses and form the falx cerebri and falx cerebelli.

Front 54

Falx cerebri

Back 54

Formed by the layers of the dura mater. Divides the brain into the right & left hemispheres. Attaches to Crista galli

Front 55

Falx cerebelli

Back 55

Small fold of dura mater over the floor of the posterior cranial fossa.

Front 56

Superior sagittal sinus

Back 56

A dural venous sinus coursing along the superior extent of the cranial cavity in the midline. Drains into the confluence of sinuses.

Front 57

Lateral venous lacunae

Back 57

Along the wall of the sinus, contain arachnoid granulations.

Front 58

Arachnoid granulations

Back 58

Within the lateral venous lacunae, responsible for the return of CSF to the venous system.

Front 59

Middle meningeal artery

Back 59

Supplies the dura mater and adjacent calvaria. The anterior branch crosses the inner surface of the pterion, where it may tunnel through the bone.

Front 60

Groove of the superior sagittal sinus

Back 60

The Inner surface of the calvaria at the bottom.

Front 61

Grooves the branches of the middle meningeal artery.

Back 61

The inner surface of the calvaria.

Front 62

Granular foveolae

Back 62

Shallow depressions that are present on the inner surface of the calvaria. Formed by the arachnoid granulations.

Front 63

Bridging veins

Back 63

They connect the superior cerebral veins to the superior sagittal sinus.

Front 64

Cerebral veins

Back 64

Visible through the arachnoid mater, drain into the superior sagittal sinus via bridging veins.

Front 65

Epidural hematoma

Back 65

Fractures through the pterion, may result in tearing of the middle meningeal artery causing an epidural hemorrhage. Blood accumulates between the skull and dura mater, resulting in life threatening compression of the brain.

Front 66

Subdural Hematoma

Back 66

At the point where the bridging veins enter the superior sagittal sinus, they may be torn in cases of head trauma. The bridging veins may bleed into the potential space between the dura and arachnoid mater, blood accumulates here.