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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are reticulocytes?
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immature RBCs newly produced by bone marrow and released into blood
total # indicates effectiveness of RBC production |
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What can reticulocytes tell you about anemias?
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anemia with high retic count means it's likely hemolytic anemia
low retic count means inadequate marrow production (ineffective erythropoeisis) |
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What are the microcytic anemias? How are they linked?
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- iron deficiency anemia
- anemia of chronic disease - alpha thalassemia - beta thalassemia - lead poisoning all have a defect in hemoglobin synthesis |
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How does lead poisoning affect hemoglobin synthesis?
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inhibits 2 key enzymes in heme synthesis: alanine dehyrdratase and ferrochelatase
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Name 2 macrocytic anemias.
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vitamin B12 deficiency and folate deficiency
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Give examples of intravascular hemolysis.
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RBC's are lysed within blood vessels
- complement in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria - mechanical prosthetic valves - microangiopathic hemolytic anemias causing mechanical fragmentation of RBCs (like DIC) - thrombotic thrombocytic purpura |
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Give examples of extravascular hemolysis.
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splenic macrophages or Kuppfer cells in the liver destroy RBCs
(eg. hereditary spherocytosis, hypersplenism) |
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What happens to the hemoglobin in extravascular hemolysis?
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hemoglobin in phagocytosed RBC is metabolized to bilirubin in the cell, reducing amount of hemoglobin in the blood or urine
(hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria) |
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What is haptoglobin?
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serum protein that binds free hemoglobin; binds much more hemoglobin in intravasuclar hemolysis
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Is there jaundice in extravascular hemolysis?
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yes
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What is usual cause of anemia in end stage renal failure? What is DOC?
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lowered EPO production
also: uremia from renal failure can make the bone marrow less responsive to EPO exogenously administered EPO |
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p. 152
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start with case 1
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