Science Chapter 9 -Erosion And Deposition

Front 1

What processes wear down and build up Earths surface?

Back 1

weathering, erosion, and deposition.

Front 2

What causes the different typesof mass movement?

Back 2

landslides, mudflows, slump and creep.

Front 3

What is the mian difference between slump and a landslide?

Back 3

The material in slump moves down in one big chunk.Lands slides the material comesdown in smal pieces.

Front 4

What process is mainly responsiblefor shaping the surface of the land?

Back 4

MOVING WATER

Front 5

What featues are formed by water erosion and deposition?

Back 5

valleys, water falls, flood plains, manders, and oxbow lakes.

Front 6

How does an oxbow lake form?

Back 6

when a river floods. During the flood high water finds a straighter routendownstream. As the flood waters fall sediments dam up the ends of a meander.

Front 7

What types of landforms do deposition make?

Back 7

alluvial fans and deltas.

Front 8

How can floods be beneficial?

Back 8

it can create new fertile soil.

Front 9

What causes ground water erosion?

Back 9

Chemical weathering; when water sinks into the ground kit combines with carbon dioxide to form a weak acid, called carbonic acid. Carbonic acid can break down limestone.

Front 10

What enables water to do work?

Back 10

As gravvity pulls water down a slope, the waters potential energy changes to kenetic energy that can do work.

Front 11

How dos sediment enter rivers and streams?

Back 11

Most sediment washes or falls into rivers as a result of mass movement and runoff. Other sediment erodes from the bottom or sides of the river.

Front 12

What factors affect a rivers ability to erode and carry sediment?

Back 12

a rivers slope, volume of flow, and the shape of its streambed all affect how fast the river flows and how much sediment can erode.

Front 13

What causes the sediment in a river to flow downstream?

Back 13

Gravity and force pushes it downstream.

Front 14

How does a rivers slope affect its speed?

Back 14

When the slope increases the water speed increases and vise versa.

Front 15

What are two kinds of glaciers?

Back 15

continental: large types (cover a whole continent or large sland)
valley:small types

Front 16

How does a valley glacier form and move?

Back 16

Glaciers can form only in an area where more snow falls than melts. Once the depth of snow and ice reaches more than 30 to 40 meters, gravity begins to pull the glacier downhill.

Front 17

How do glaciers cause erosion and deposition?

Back 17

When a glacier melts, it deposits the sediment it eroded from the land, creating various landforms.

Front 18

glacier

Back 18

a large mass of ice that moves slowly over land.

Front 19

Continental glaier

Back 19

a glacier that covers much of a continent or large island.

Front 20

How much percent is continental glaciers to Earths land?

Back 20

10 %

Front 21

Ice ages

Back 21

Times in the past when continental glaciers covered a whole continent.

Front 22

Valley Glacier

Back 22

a long narrow, glacier that forms when snow and ice build up high in a mountain valley.

Front 23

On what type of landform are valley glaciers found?

Back 23

High in mountain valleys.

Front 24

What is the rate of speed that valley glaciers move a day?

Back 24

a few centimeters to a few meters a day.

Front 25

What are 2 processes by which glaciers erode the land?

Back 25

plucking and abrasion.

Front 26

plucking

Back 26

as a glacier flows over the land, it picks up rocks in this process.

Front 27

till

Back 27

the mixture of sediments that a glacier deposits directly on the surface.

-clay,sand,silt, gravel, and boulders can be found in till.

Front 28

Moraine

Back 28

the till deposited at the edges of a glacier forms this ridge.

Front 29

Kettle

Back 29

a small depression that forms when a chunk of ice is left in glacier till.

Front 30

What is a terminal moraine?

Back 30

the ridge of till at the farthest point reached by a glacier.

Front 31

What gives waves their energy?

Back 31

The energy in waves comes from wind that blowss across the water's surface.

Front 32

How do waves erode a coast?

Back 32

Waves shape the coast through erosion by breaking down rock and transporting sand and other sediment.

Front 33

What features result from deposition by waves?

Back 33

Waves shape a coast when they deposit sediment, forming coastal features such as beaches, spits, and barrier beaches.

Front 34

What is a big reason waves can erode land?

Back 34

Waves have force which when the waves come down on the rocks constantly they end up breaking into sediment.

Front 35

How can waves preform abrasion?

Back 35

They can pick up sand and throw them on the otherside of a beach.

Front 36

Headland

Back 36

a part of the shore that sticks out into the ocean.

Front 37

Over long period of time, what effect do waves have on a steep, rocky coast?

Back 37

They can make a sea cave.

Front 38

Beach

Back 38

an area of wave-washed sediment along a coast.

Front 39

longshore drift

Back 39

as waves repeatedly hit the beach, some of the beach sediment moves down the beach with a current.

Front 40

Spit

Back 40

a beach that projects like a finger out into the water.

Front 41

How does wind cause erosion?

Back 41

by deflation and abrasion.

Front 42

What features result from deposition by wind?

Back 42

Wind erosion and deposition may form sand dunes and loess deposits.

Front 43

sand dune

Back 43

a deposit of wind-blown sand.

Front 44

Deflation

Back 44

the process by which wind removes surface material.

Front 45

Where would you be most likely to see evidence of wind erosion?

Back 45

most desert landforms are the result of weathering and water erosion.

Front 46

What happens when wind strike an obstacle?

Back 46

it froms a sand dune.

Front 47

Loess

Back 47

fine, wind deposited sediment.