Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
ddx for pings on R side
|
abomasum, SI, cecum, spiral colon, rectum, rumen (ventral sac: rare), uterus, peritoneum
|
|
|
ddx for pings on L side
|
abomasum
rumen uterus peritoneum |
|
|
What direction should you explore abdomen when doing an ex lap in ruminants?
|
explore from caudal to cranial & dorsal to ventral
most common sites of abdominal contamination: cranial ventral abdomen d/t traumatic reticulitis or abomasal ulcers |
|
|
What are some indications for rumenotomy?
|
traumatic reticulitis or reticulopericarditis
chronic bloat removal of ingested toxic materials outflow obstruction vagal indigestion abdominal decompression prior to another sx diaphragmatic hernias: rare |
|
|
What are some methods to prevent contamination when performing a rumenotomy?
|
suture rumen to skin to prevent intra-abdominal contamination before incising rumen
-leave enough rumen to close it Weingarth’s apparatus: square frame w/ hooks inserted into rumen wall rumenotomy board: proposed rumenotomy site pulled thru fenestration in a flat board & fixed to posts at both ends prior to incising rumen wound ring (wound protector, rumenotomy shroud) -plastic or rubber sheets w/ central fenestration -semi-rigid ring place thru rumenotomy incision, leaving rest of sheet outside rumen |
|
|
Where is the skin incision made when performing a rumenotomy?
|
L paralumbar fossa celiotomy performed 6-8 cm caudal to & parallel to last rib
|
|
|
How is a rumenotomy closed?
|
double layer inverting pattern
LOTS of lavage carefully remove rumen-skin sutures, cleaning as you go body wall: simple continuous in each muscle layer skin: Ford interlocking pattern w/ non-absorbable suture -use a few interrupted sutures at bottom of skin closure in case you have to drain an abscess later |
|
|
How do you approach masses discovered when performing rumenotomy?
|
aspirate any mass to determine if it is an abscess before attempting to drain it
if mass is an abscess but is not adhered to reticulum: approach for drainage ventrally (thread catheter thru adhesions into abscess) |
|
|
What is tx for traumatic reticulopericarditis if:
a. early case b. chronic case |
a. place drain into pericardium & lavage daily
-advanced cases require resection of ventral portion of L 5th rib, w/ creation of a pericardial fistula for drainage & lavage b. often fatal regardless of tx -organizing epicardial fibrosis --> heart failure -sx may extend life of cow, perhaps until a valuable calf is born |
|
|
What are some factors that contribute to abomasal displacement?
|
pregnancy & early lactation: displaced by uterus, hypocalcemia
hypomotility: ↑ VFAs, ↓ free calcium, metabolic alkalosis, inadequate exercise, endotoxemia, pain body positioning: laying on R side w/ left limb fractures |
|
|
What is the Liptak test & what is it used for?
|
when ping found:
-fluid aspirated from area below ping & pH measured to determine if viscus is rumen or abomasum normal abomasal pH: 2-4 normal rumen pH: 5.5-7 |
|
|
What metabolic abnormalities are expected in ruminants w/ GI dz?
|
hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
Cl not getting out of abomasum not taking in K (not eating) & K moves into cells d/t alkalosis tx: normal saline (mildly acidifying) |
|
|
What are the possible approaches for repair of an LDA?
|
rolling
blink tack bar suture R paramedian abomasopexy R paralumbar fossa omentopexy R paralumbar fossa pyloropexy L paralumbar fossa abomasopexy laparoscopy |
|
|
What are the possible approaches for repair of an RDA?
|
R paramedian abomasopexy
R paralumbar fossa omentopexy R paralumbar fossa pyloropexy |
|
|
What are some considerations when selecting a surgical approach for abomasal displacements?
|
size of cow vs. size of surgeon
location of milk vv. environment post-op: avoid ventral approaches if cow will be lying in a filthy environment after sx previous sx or IP injections --> possible adhesions pregnancy |
|
|
What approaches to abomasal displacement should not be performed in late pregnancy?
|
rolling, blind tack, bar suture, R paramedian abomasopexy
|
|
|
What are possible surgical approaches for correction of abomasal volvulus?
|
R flank omentopexy or R flank pyloropexy: correct volvulus by rotating organ clockwise as viewed from the R
R paramedian approach |
|
|
abomasal impaction
a. causes in cattle b. causes in goats c. tx |
a. poor quality feed & not enough water, motility disorder
b. pregnancy, poor quality hay, total pelleted diet, hairballs c. R paracostal abomasotomy |
|
|
intussusception
a. common location in adults b. hx c. tx |
a. jejunum or proximal ileum
b. acutely off feed, colic --> depression, melena c. R paralumbar fossa approach intestinal resection & anastomosis |
|
|
spiral colon obstruction
a. ddx b. tx |
a. fat saponification, adhesions, neoplasia
b. surgical bypass of obstruction: side to side anastomosis of ileum to outermost loop of spiral colon, which is the most distal segment |
