Reviewer For Abe (Metals)

Front 1

Solid materials that are typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible and ductile, and with good electrical and thermal conductivities; readily loses electrons to form cations.

Back 1

Metals

Front 2

The ability of a material to exist in two or more crystalline forms.

Back 2

Allotropy

Front 3

Measuring Tools

Back 3

1. Divider

2. Retractable steel tape

3. Ruler

4. Vernier Caliper

5. Folding rule

6. Caliper

Front 4

Marking tools

Back 4

1. Automatic chalk line

2. Pencil

3. Marking knife

4. Awl

5. Capiz shell

Front 5

Directional or Guiding tools

Back 5

1. Sliding bevel 2. Square (large or small)

3. Combination square 4. Dovetail marker 5. Plumb bob

6. Level

7. Sliding bevel

8. Marking and Mortise gauge

Front 6

The hard, fibrous material that forms the main substance of the trunk or branches of a tree.

Back 6

Wood

Front 7

Inorganic, nonmetallic solids that remain hard when heated.

Back 7

Ceramics

Front 8

Solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible and ductile, and with good electrical and thermal conductivities; readily loses electrons to form cations.

Back 8

Metal

Front 9

Synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds made from a wide range of organic polymers that are malleable and thus moldable into solid objects while soft until set to a rigid or slightly elastic final form.

Back 9

Plastics

Front 10

Material made from two or more different materials so combined to achieve a specific purpose and properties different from its component materials.

Back 10

Composites

Front 11

Processes for Woods

Back 11

Cutting, Bending, Shearing, Drilling, Lathing, Grooving

Front 12

Processes for Metal

Back 12

Welding , Cutting , Bending , Shearing , Drilling , Lathing , Grooving

Front 13

Processes for Plastics

Back 13

Material Extrusion , Polymerization , Powder Bed Fusion , Material Jetting , Binder Jetting

Front 14

Processes for Composites

Back 14

Braiding , Knitting , Weaving , Fiber placement , Draping , Chemical Vapor Deposition

Front 15

Processes for Ceramics

Back 15

Milling, Batching, Mixing, Forming, Drying, Firing, Assembly

Front 16

Biological polymers (biopolymers) of crystalline n-chains of saccharides.

Back 16

Cellulose

Front 17

Lower molecular weight branch-chained polysaccharides.

Back 17

Hemicellulose

Front 18

Complex and high-molecular weight phenylpropane chains.

Back 18

Lignin

Front 19

Gets filled up by these biopolymers.

Back 19

Cell wall

Front 20

Other Properties of Wood

Back 20

a. Color

b. Luster

c. Odor

d. Taste

e. Texture

Front 21

Have pores visible with the naked eye or a hand lens.

Back 21

Hardwoods

Front 22

1. Growth rings

2. Heartwood and sapwood

3. Grain orientation

Back 22

Macroscopic properties of woods

Front 23

Advantages of woods

Back 23

• Thermal Properties

• Acoustic Properties

• Electrical Properties

• Mechanical Properties

• Aesthetic Properties

• Oxidation Properties

• Working Properties

• Variation

• Environmental

• CO2sequestration

Front 24

Disadvantages of woods

Back 24

• Shrinkage and Swelling of Wood

• Deterioration of Wood

• Biotic Deterioration of Wood

• Pest and Parasite Infestation

• Hygroscopicity

Front 25

Ferrous Metals

Back 25

Cast Iron

Wrought Iron

Steel

Front 26

•Forms into any shape

•Best for machinery parts – engine blocks, etc.

Back 26

Cast Iron

Front 27

Types of cast iron according to solidification morphology.

Back 27

1. Gray cast iron or gray iron.

2. Ductile cast iron or nodular iron.

3. Malleable cast iron.

4. White cast iron.

5. Compacted graphite iron.

Front 28

- Graphite exists largely in the form of flakes.

-Negligible ductility.

-Weak in tension.

-Used as machine tool bases.

Back 28

Gray cast iron or gray iron

Front 29

-Graphite is in nodular or spheroid form.

-Ductile and shock resistant.

-Graphite flakes exist in nodules by addition of Mg to the molten metal prior to pouring.

Back 29

Ductile cast iron or nodular iron

Front 30

-White cast iron annealed in an CO and CO2 atmosphere 800-900°C.

-Cementite decomposes into iron and graphite (exists in clusters in a ferrite or pearlite matrix).

-Structure gives material ductility, strength and shock resistance.

Back 30

Malleable cast iron

Front 31

-Structure is very hard, wear-resistant and brittle due to the presence of large amounts of iron carbide (Fe3C) instead of graphite.

-Obtained by rapid cooling of gray iron or by adjusting the composition by keeping Carbon and Silicon contents low.

Back 31

White cast iron

Front 32

-Graphite is in the form of short, thick and interconnected flakes with undulating surfaces and rounded extremities.

-Mechanical and physical properties: intermediate between flake and nodular graphite cast irons.

Back 32

Compacted graphite iron

Front 33

Consist of primary (proeutectoid) ferrite (according to the curve A3) and pearlite.

Back 33

Hypoeutectoid steels (carbon content from 0 to 0.83%)

Front 34

Entirely consists of pearlite.

Back 34

Eutectoid steel (carbon content 0.83%)

Front 35

Consist of primary (proeutectoid) cementite (according to the curve ACM) and pearlite.

Back 35

Hypereutectoid steels (carbon content from 0.83 to 2.06%)

Front 36

Consist of proeutectoid cementite C2 ejected from austenite according to the curve ACM , pearlite and transformed ledeburite (ledeburite in which austenite transformed to pearlite).

Back 36

Cast irons (carbon content from 2.06% to 4.3%)

Front 37

-Iron heated before being worked with tools to shape it.

-Has very low carbon content (less than 0.08%).

-Characteristically fibrous in appearance, but compared to cast iron, is softer and more ductile.

-Resists fatigue and has higher tensile strength than cast iron.

-Malleable, tough and rust-resistant, best for decorative fences and railings.

Back 37

Wrought Iron

Front 38

Commercial iron that contains carbon in any amount up to about 1.7 percent as an essential alloying constituent, is malleable when under suitable conditions, and is distinguished from cast iron by its malleability and lower carbon content.

Back 38

Steel

Front 39

. <20% of metals in industrial products.

. It lacks structural strength unless blended with other elements to form alloys, resists corrosion, good electrical conductivity, easy to fabricate, high thermal conductivity, low densities, more expensive than ferrous metals and has color choices.

Back 39

Non-ferrous Metals

Front 40

8 General properties of Non-ferrous Metals

Back 40

1. Lacks structural strength unless blended with other elements to form alloys

2. Resists corrosion

3. Good electrical conductivity

4. Easy to fabricate

5. High thermal conductivity

6. Low densities

7. More expensive than ferrous metals

8. Color choices

Front 41

Non-ferrous Metals

Back 41

Aluminium

Nickel

Zinc

Tin

Magnesium

Titanium

Lead

Copper

Front 42

Uses:

1. Containers and packaging

2. Buildings and other types of construction

3. Transportation

4. Electrical industry

5. Consumer durables

Back 42

Aluminum

Front 43

• Silver-white metal

Uses:

1. Alloying addition in many steels and cast irons (stainless steel)

2. Chemical engineering plants and food industry for high corrosion resistance

3. Electroplating material

Back 43

Nickel

Front 44

•Bluish-white material

• Excellent die-casting material due to low melting point.

-Use for coating of mild steel plate to make tin-plated cans and for manufacture of white metal bearings.

Back 44

Zinc

Front 45

Exists in two (2) allotropic forms:

1. α (grey)

2. β (white)

Back 45

Tin

Front 46

Diamond-type crystal structure.

Back 46

α (grey tin)

Front 47

Body centered tetragonal structure.

Back 47

β (white tin)

Front 48

• Low density (most important property)

• Weak and low ductility

-Use in aircraft construction, motorcycle wheels, engine crankcase and in sacrificial anode material for ship hull protection against corrosion.

Back 48

Magnesium

Front 49

• Generally expensive

• High strength, low weight

-Use in aircraft construction, structural forging, and in chemical engineering plant.

Back 49

Titanium

Front 50

• Soft and malleable

-Use as lead-acid storage battery, water pipework, weather flashing in buildings, and radiation shielding (due to high density).

Back 50

Lead

Front 51

-Use in wire (electrical windings and wiring) in architectural cladding water tanks and vessels and tubing for heat exchangers.

Back 51

Copper

Front 52

• Higher tensile strength Cu alloy

• Low electrical conductivity

Back 52

Cadmium-copper

Front 53

• High-strength, -electrical and thermal conductivites

• Spot and seam welding electrodes

Back 53

Chromium-copper

Front 54

7 types of copper

Back 54

1. Brass

2. Bronze

3. Aluminum bronzes

4. Cupronickles

5. Beryllium copper

6. Cadmium copper

7. Chromium copper

Front 55

3 types of nickel

Back 55

1. Monel

2. Inconel

3. Nimonic series of alloys

Front 56

• single-phase alloy, high corrosion resistance

• for steam turbine blades

Back 56

Monel

Front 57

• good properties at high temperatures

• heater sheaths for electric cooker

Back 57

Inconel

Front 58

• High temperature creep resistance

• Gas turbine discs and blades, flame tubes

Back 58

Nimonic series of alloys

Front 59

• Increased ductility

Back 59

Brass

Front 60

• High-strength Cu alloy

• Good corrosion resistance

Back 60

Bronze

Front 61

• Excellent corrosion resistance in marine environments

Back 61

Aluminum bronzes

Front 62

• Strong and ductile

• Best for coins

Back 62

Cupronickles

Front 63

• Highest strength Cu alloy

Back 63

Beryllium-copper