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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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It is a system comprises of lungs, airways and associated structures |
Respiratory system |
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What are the 3 major parts of RS? |
1. ventilating mechanism 2. conducting portion 3. respiratory portion |
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it creates pressure differences that moves air into and out of the lungs. |
Ventilating mechanism |
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Parts of ventilating mechanism |
Diaphragm Rib Cage Intercostal muscle Abdominal muscle Lung's elastic CT |
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It carries air to and from the site of gas exchange without collapsing under pressure |
Conducting portion |
Condition the air, warms, moistens and cleans the air to enhance gas exchange. |
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Parts of conducting portion |
Nasal cavity Nasopharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Terminal bronchioles |
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It allows gas exchange between air and blood |
Respiratory portion |
Presence of alveoli |
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Parts of respiratory portion |
Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar ducts Atria Alveolar sacs |
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Enumerate the wall structure of RS |
1. Epithelium 2. Lamina propria 3. Mucles 4. Adventitia |
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What are the epithelial cell types? |
1. ciliated columnar cells 2. mucous goblet cells 3. brush cells 4. basal cells 5. small granule cells |
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It refers to the changes in the epithelial organization or types in response to changes in the physical or chemical environment |
Metaplasia |
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Large, narrow and more posterior chamber of the nasal cavity |
Nasal fossa |
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What is called the curved bony shelves? |
conchae or turbinate bones |
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Smaller, wider and more anterior chamber behind the nares which contains sebaceous and sweat glands |
Vestibule |
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Term used for thick short hair |
Vibrissae |
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an erectile tissue overlying the conchae that regulates hydration of nasal mucosa |
Swell bodies |
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The cavities in the frontal, maxillary, ethmoid and sphenoid bone is called? |
paranasal sinuses |
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It is a specialized tissue involved in the smell that is present in the root of each fossa |
Olfactory epithelium |
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It is a broad cavity overlying the soft palate that lies in the upper part of the pharynx |
Nasopharynx |
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It is a bilaterally symmetrical tube in the neck between the oropharynx and trachea |
Larynx |
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It is a 10cm tube from the larynx to the primary bronchi |
Trachea |
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Part of bronchial tree that resembles trachea |
primary bronchi |
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It is a lobar bronchi that supplies the pulmonary lobe |
Secondary bronchi |
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It is a segmental bronchi that supplies one bronchopulmonary segment |
Tertiary bronchi |
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Branch from the smallest bronchi from which they differ only by lacking cartilage and glands in their walls |
Bronchioles |
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It is the smallest component of conducting portion. |
Terminal bronchioles |
Clara cells- lining its epithelium |
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First part of respiratory portion that resembles the terminal bronchioles but no goblet cells |
respiratory bronchioles |
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distal extensions of the respiratory bronchioles that resembles a hallway with so many doors |
Alveolar ducts |
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Distal termination of alveolar ducts |
Atria |
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Dead end hallways |
Alveolar sacs |
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200 um sacs that open into respiratory bronchiole,alveolar duct, atrium and alveolar sac |
Alveoli |
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A structure that is specialized for gas exchange separating the thin walls of alveoli |
Interalveolar septa |
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structures that O2 and CO2 must cross to be exchanged |
Blood-Air Barrier |
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stimulate bronchial constriction |
Parasympathetic motor fibers |
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Cause bronchial dilation |
Sympathetic fibers |
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Carry poorly localized pain sensation, monitor airway irritants and participate in cough reflex |
Sensory nerves |
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what Reduces surface tension in the alveoli with bactericidal effects? |
pulmonary surfactant |
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A serous membrane which contains thin films of lubricating fluids which reduces friction between lung surface and thoracic walls |
Pleura |
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2 layers of pleura with functions |
Visceral pleura - covers the lungs Parietal pleura - covers thoracic cavities inner wall |
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What alveolar cell type is responsible for the alveolar lining degeneration? |
Type II cells |
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Monocyte derivative that is also called "heart failure cells" |
alveolar macrophage (dust cells) |
stains positive for hemosiderin |
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Types of alveolar cells |
type I cells- squamous alveolar cells type II cells- great alveolar cells |
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Secretory cells secreting pulmonary surfactants |
Type II pneumocytes |
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