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5 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most common symptoms |
1. Dib 2. Cough 3. Excess sputum 4. Haemoptysis 5. Wheezing 6. Chest pain |
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Amplyfying the symptoms |
1. Breathlessness Ask how its associated w exertion 2. Cough Acute=<3weeks(usually caused by recent viral or bacterial infection), chronic=>8weeks(should be sent for chest xray & spirometry), Any cough associated with hemoptysis should be a cause for concern, ask on periodicity & any aggrevating factors like allergic triggers such as dust, cold air, pollen 3. Sputum If sputum is produced, ask for colour,cosnsistensy, amount 4. Hemoptysis Ask if its blood coughed up alone or sputum that is blood stained. It's sometimes difficult for the patient to describe whether the blood is from the chest or gums, nose or even stomach so rule out associated conditions such as epistaxis or subsequent development of melena . 5.wheezing Always ask patients whether they hear any noises coming from the chest whether they report or not, or incase you didn't pick it up on examination. This finding usually indicates narrowing of the larynx, trachea or main bronchi. 6. Chest pain Pleuritic pain is sharp & stabbing & is made worse by deep breathing or coughing that occurs when the pleura is inflammed. Ask for other symptoms *questions relating to ear, nose & throat *smoking & recreational drugs eg. Heroine,crack, cannabid *family hx of atopy *occupational hx Paint sprayers , workers in electronic, rubber or plastic industries & woodworkers are commonly affected by occupational asthma. Always aks relationship between symptoms & work. Damage from inhalation of asbestos may take decades to become manifest, most seriously as malignant mesothelioma |
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Examination |
1. General |
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Presentation of interstitial pulmonary disease |
1. Clinical presentation *cough, chronic, persistent & non productive * dib, slowly progressive, insidious onset 2. Examination findings * crackles, typically bilateral & basal * finger clubbing, common in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis but seen in other types eg asbestosis * central cyanosis & signs right heart failure in advanced disease 3. Radiological *Chest xray-small lung volumes w reticulonodular shadowing * ctscan-reticulonodular shafoeing, honey comb cysts & traction bronchiectasis 4. Pulmonary function test *restrictive ventilatory defect w reduced lung volumes *impared gas transfer |
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Causes of finger clubbing |
1.Respiratory causes *abscess * bronchiectasis *cystic fibrosis 2.cardiovascular causes * 3. GI causes **3. GI causes*iBD *iBD |
