Respiratory (Embryology, Anatomy, Histology)

Front 1

What is the final stage of intrauterine lung development?

Back 1

Alveolar stage (36 weeks to 8 years) – final stage of alveolar maturation

Front 2

What are the histologic differences between bronchi and bronchioles?

Back 2

Bronchi have cartilage and submucosal glands in their wall, while bronchioles lack these histologic features

Front 3

What are the histologic differences between membranous (terminal) and respiratory bronchioles?

Back 3

Membranous or terminal bronchioles have smooth muscle in their walls, while respiratory bronchioles are lined by alveoli

Front 4

What are the functions of Type II pneumocytes?

Back 4

a) produce surfactant, a phospholipid that reduces surface tension in alveoli facilitating alveolar expansion
b) main cell type involved in alveolar repair

Front 5

What is the pulmonary acinus?

Back 5

Pulmonary acinus is the functional unit for gas transfer. It is composed of the respiratory bronchiole + alveolar duct + alveoli

Front 6

when does surfactant reach adequate levels?

Back 6

2 weeks before birth

Front 7

T or F. 95% of mature alveoli develop after birth.

Back 7

T.

Front 8

Pulmonary surfactant is produced by what cell type
a) Alveolar macrophages
b) Ciliated epithelial cells
c) Type II pneumocytes
d) Type I pneumocytes
e) Kulchitsky cells

Back 8

C. Type II pneumocytes begins to develop during saccular phase (at 29 weeks)

Front 9

which lung has three lobes? which has two?

which mainstem bronchi (left or right) is more vertical and thus more prone to aspirated objects?

Back 9

right; left

right

Front 10

lungs are covered by _____ pleura; thoracic wall covered by _____ pleura.

Back 10

visceral; parietal

Front 11

Define these surgical resections:

Pneumonectomy –
Lobectomy –
Segmentectomy -
Wedge –

Back 11

Pneumonectomy – entire lung
Lobectomy – single lobe
Segmentectomy - bronchopulmonary segment
Wedge – less than a segment

Front 12

tell me about type I pneumocytes

Back 12

flat squamous cells of alveolus that cover about 95% of alveolar surface

Front 13

tell me about alveolar macrophages

Back 13

loosely attached to epithelial surface or free in alveolar space; phagocytic function (eats up carbon that is in the exchanged air)

Front 14

when do pores of kohn develop?

Back 14

after birth

Front 15

differentiate b/w pores of kohn vs. lambert's canals

Back 15

pores of kohn - connect adjacent alveoli to provide for collateral ventilation (13-21 per alveolus)

lambert's canal - direct communication between bronchiole and alveolar duct

Front 16

characterized by flattened epithelial type I pneumocytes + cuboidal type II pneumocytes

a. bronchus
b. bronchiole
c. alveolus

Back 16

C

Front 17

Define these surgical resections:

Pneumonectomy –
Lobectomy –
Segmentectomy -
Wedge –

Back 17

Pneumonectomy – entire lung
Lobectomy – single lobe
Segmentectomy - bronchopulmonary segment
Wedge – less than a segment

Front 18

characterized by ciliated pseudostratified columnar, goblet cells, cartilage, submucosal glands

a. bronchus
b. bronchiole
c. alveolus

Back 18

A

Front 19

tell me about type I pneumocytes

Back 19

flat squamous cells of alveolus that cover about 95% of alveolar surface

Front 20

characterized by simple cuboidal, no goblet cells, no cartilage or submucosal glands

Back 20

B

Front 21

tell me about alveolar macrophages

Back 21

loosely attached to epithelial surface or free in alveolar space; phagocytic function (eats up carbon that is in the exchanged air)

Front 22

name the dual vascular supply of the lungs. include their main fxns.

Back 22

pulmonary and bronchial

pulmonary = originate from right heart; fxn as main gas exchange; form capillary network around alveoli

bronchial = originate from aorta/intercostal arteries; supply nutrition to airways/lungs

Front 23

when do pores of kohn develop?

Back 23

after birth

Front 24

what are the locations of superficial vs. deep lymphatics of the lung?

Back 24

superficial lymphatic drainage present along pleural surface

deep (intrapulmonary) lymphatic drainage present adjacent to bronchovascular bundle and along interlobular septa

Front 25

differentiate b/w pores of kohn vs. lambert's canals

Back 25

pores of kohn - connect adjacent alveoli to provide for collateral ventilation (13-21 per alveolus)

lambert's canal - direct communication between bronchiole and alveolar duct

Front 26

characterized by flattened epithelial type I pneumocytes + cuboidal type II pneumocytes

a. bronchus
b. bronchiole
c. alveolus

Back 26

C

Front 27

characterized by ciliated pseudostratified columnar, goblet cells, cartilage, submucosal glands

a. bronchus
b. bronchiole
c. alveolus

Back 27

A

Front 28

characterized by simple cuboidal, no goblet cells, no cartilage or submucosal glands

a. bronchus
b. bronchiole
c. alveolus

Back 28

B

Front 29

name the dual vascular supply of the lungs. include their main fxns.

Back 29

pulmonary and bronchial

pulmonary = originate from right heart; fxn as main gas exchange; form capillary network around alveoli

bronchial = originate from aorta/intercostal arteries; supply nutrition to airways/lungs

Front 30

what are the locations of superficial vs. deep lymphatics of the lung?

Back 30

superficial lymphatic drainage present along pleural surface

deep (intrapulmonary) lymphatic drainage present adjacent to bronchovascular bundle and along interlobular septa

Front 31

Histologic features distinguishing bronchi from bronchioles
a) Bronchioles are lined by ciliated epithelium
b) Bronchioles lack cartilage and submucosal glands
c) Only bronchioles are intrapulmonary
d) Only bronchi have smooth muscle in their walls
e) Only bronchi are derived from the primitive laryngotracheal tube or bud

Back 31

B

Front 32

The Pulmonary Acinus is defined by which structures
a) Respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveoli
b) Lobe, bronchopulmonary segment, lobule
c) Mainstem bronchus, lobar bronchus, segmental bronchus
d) Lobule, interlobular septa, alveoli
e) Lobule, terminal bronchiole, respiratory bronchiole

Back 32

A