Respiratory Drugs Week 9 Pharmacology

Front 1

RESPIRATORY DRUGS

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treatment/prevention of signs and symptoms of chronic inflammatory disorders (sense of breathlessness, tightening of the chest, wheezing, dyspnea, cough)

Front 2

What is Cromolyn used for

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used for prophylaxis (not for quick relief) by suppressing inflammation not as a bronchodilator

Front 3

What are the cromolyn adverse effects

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-safest of all antiasthma meds -cough -bronchospasm

Front 4

Ipratropium bromide is used for what

Back 4

Ipratropium inhalation is used to prevent bronchospasm, or narrowing airways in the lungs, in people with bronchitis, emphysema, or COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).

Front 5

What is Montelukast

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leukotriene inhibitor (Leukotrienes are chemicals your body releases when you breathe in an allergen)

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What are the adverse effects of Montelukast

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skin rash, bruising, severe tingling, numbness, pain, muscle weakness; mood or behavior changes, anxiety, depression, or thoughts about suicide or hurting yourself; tremors or shaking; easy bruising, unusual bleeding (nose, mouth, vagina, or rectum), purple or red pinpoint spots under your skin; severe sinus pain, swelling, or irritation; worsening asthma symptoms; or severe skin reaction -- fever, sore throat, swelling in your face or tongue, burning in your eyes, skin pain, followed by a red or purple skin rash that spreads (especially in the face or upper body) and causes blistering and peeling.

Front 7

What are Glucocorticoids

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anti-inflammatory agent used for asthma treatment (prednisone)

Front 8

What are 2 actions of glucocorticoids

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1.reduce bronchial hyperreactivity 2.decrease airway mucus production and increase number of bronchial beta 2 receptors as well as their unresponsiveness to beta 2 agonists

Front 9

What is the MOA of glucocorticoids

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suppress inflammation by decresing synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators, decreasing infliltration and activity of inflammatory cells and decreasing edema of the airway mucosa

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What are the adverse effects of glucocorticoids

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minor when taken acutely but serious when long-term use is needed such as adrenal suppression, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia +)

Front 11

What do Leukotriene Modifiers do

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they suppress the effects of leukotrienes and are less effective than inhaled glucocorticoids

Front 12

What are Beta2-adrenergic agonists

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Bronchodilators used for asthma treatment (albuterol)

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What are the uses of Beta2-adrenergic agonists

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most effective drug for relief of acute bronchospasm and prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm and can be used for both quick relief and long-term control

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What adverse effects of beta2-adrenergic agonists

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Inhaled preparations-systemic effects: tachcardia, angina, tremor Oral Prep excessive dosage: angina pectoris, tachydysrhythmias and tremor

Front 15

What is the MOA of Beta2-adrenergic agonists

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activate Beta2 receptors in smooth muscle of lung, promoting bronchodilation which relieves bronchospasm and supresses histamine release in lung and increase ciliary motility

Front 16

What is methylxanthines

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bronchodilator that have narrow therapeutic index (specifically theophylline)

Front 17

anticholinergic drugs

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Anticholinergic drugs are another group of bronchodilators that are different from the beta-agonists. While the beta-agonists affect the bronchioles (small airways), anticholinergics affect the muscles around the bronchi (large airways). When the lungs are irritated, these bands of muscle can tighten, making the bronchi narrower. Anticholinergics work by stopping the muscles from tightening.

Front 18

What are intranasal glucocorticoids used for

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treatment of allergic rhinitis

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What are the adverse effects of intranasal glucocorticoids

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drying of nasal mucosa or sore throat and rarely, systemic effects (adrenal suppression and slowing of linear pediatric growth)

Front 20

What are antihistamines used for

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treatment of allergic rhinitis

Front 21

What are sympathomimetics used for

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treatment of allergic rhinitis

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What are the adverse effects of sympathomimetics

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1.rebound congestion 2.CNS stimulation 3.cardiovascular effects and stroke 4.abuse

Front 23

What are antitussives used for

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drugs that suppress coughs through opioid antitussives or nonopioid antitussives