Pharmacology- Drugs That Affect The Respiratory System

Front 1

Outside the chest cavity - nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx is located in what area of the respiratory tract?

Back 1

Upper respiratory tract

Front 2

The trachea, bronchial tree & lungs are located in what are of the respiratory tract?

Back 2

Lower respiratory tract

Front 3

Name three diseases of the upper respiratory system -

Back 3

colds
rhinitis
hay fever

Front 4

Name three diseases of the lower respiratory system -

Back 4

asthma
emphysema
chronic bronchitis

Front 5

Name 6 actions of respiratory drugs -

Back 5

dilate bronchi and bronchioles
vasoconstriction
decrease secretions
decrease inflammation
depress the cough reflex
aid in secretion removal

Front 6

Beta-agonist (sympathomimetics) belong to what type of drug category?

Back 6

Bronchodilators

Front 7

What type of drug is Albuterol?

Back 7

Bronchodilator / Beta-agonist
(sympathomimetics)

Front 8

What is the mechanism of action for bronchodilators?

Back 8

increased levels of cAMP
causes smooth muscle relaxation

Front 9

What are the drug effects of beta-agonist (sympathomimetic) drugs?

Back 9

bronchodilattion
vasodilation
CNS and C-V system stimulation

Front 10

What are the therapeutic uses of Beta-Agonist (sympathomimetic) drugs?

Back 10

asthma
bronchitis
emphysema

Front 11

What routes are beta-agonist drugs given?

Back 11

PO, SQ, IM, IV, Aerosol

Front 12

What are the side effects of Beta-agonist drugs?

Back 12

tachycardia
tremors
nervousness
palpitations
dizziness

Front 13

What type of drug are Xanthine derivatives?

Back 13

Bronchodilator

Front 14

What is the mechanism of action for Xanthine derivatives?

Back 14

Increases levels of cAMP causes smooth muscle relaxation and open airways

Front 15

What are the drug effects of Xanthine derivatives?

Back 15

relax smooth muscle of respiratory tract allowing more air in and out of lung

Front 16

That is the therapeutic use of Xanthine derivatives?

Back 16

Prevention of asthma

Front 17

What are the symptoms of asthma?

Back 17

bronchospasms of chronic bronchitis & emphysema

Front 18

What routes is Xanthine derivatives given?

Back 18

PO
rectal
IV
topical

Front 19

What are the side effects of Xanthine derivatives?

Back 19

Nausea, vomiting, GER during sleep, anorexia, tachycardia
palpitations, dysrhythmias, hyperglycemia
incontinent urination

Front 20

What type of drug is Theophylline?

Back 20

Xanthine derivative / Bronchodilator

Front 21

What type of drug are Anticholinergics?

Back 21

Bronchodilator

Front 22

What is the mechanism of action for Bronchodilator Anthicholinergics?

Back 22

block acetylcholine receptors, which prevents bronchoconstriction

Front 23

What are the drug effects of Bronchodilation Anthicholinergics?

Back 23

causes airway dilation

Front 24

What is the thereuptic use of Bronchodilator Anthicholinergics?

Back 24

Prevention of bronchospasms. NOT for acute symptoms

Front 25

What routes are Bronchodilator Anthicholinergics given?

Back 25

Inhaled

Front 26

What are the side effects of Bronchodilator Anthicholinergics?

Back 26

dry mouth, palpitations, urinary retention, increased intraocular pressure

Front 27

The following are nursing interventions for what type of drug?
Take as prescribed, teach proper method of administering inhaled forms; teach to avoid allergens, stress, smoking, air pollutants, use inhaler before anticipated resp. diff (exercise); teach to get prompt treatment for flu (prophylactic vaccines); check with physician before taking OTC meds.

Back 27

Bronchodilator Nursing Implications

Front 28

What is the mechanism of action for Leukotriene Receptor antagonists?

Back 28

inhibit enzyme formation needed for leukotriene synthesis; bind to leukotriene receptors

Front 29

What are the drug effects for Leukotriene receptor antagonists?

Back 29

prevent bronchial airway constriction; decrease musous production, reduce vascular permeability (reduces edema)

Front 30

What are the therapeutic uses for Leukotriene receptor antagonists?

Back 30

prophylaxis and long-term treatment of asthma

Front 31

What are the routes Leukotriene receptor antagonists are given?

Back 31

PO

Front 32

What are the side effects of Leukotriene receptor antagonist drugs?

Back 32

headaches, depend on the specific drug, GI upset, liver dysfunction

Front 33

The follwoing nursing implications are for what type of drugs?
Emphasize that the drugs are for PREVENTION, not treating an acute asthma attack - takes about a week to see results!
Fluids will hlep decrease viscosity to secretions.

Back 33

Leukotriene receptor antagonists

Front 34

What type of drugs are used for PREVENTION, and NOT treating asthma attacks, and take about one week to see results?

Back 34

Leukotriene receptor antagonists

Front 35

The following are mechanism of actions for what type of drug?
Block action of histamine at H1 receptor sites
Compete with histamine for binding at unoccupied receptors
Cannot push histamine off the receptor if already bound
The binking of H1 blockers to the histamine receptors prevent the adverse consequences of histamine stimulation
VASODILATION
Increased GI and Resp. Secretions
Increased Capillary Permeability

Back 35

Antihistamine

Front 36

What are the drug effects of Antihistamines?

Back 36

drying effect, reduce nasal, salivary & lacrimal gland secretions
Also block capillary permeability to reduce edemas

Front 37

What are the therapeutic uses for antihistamines?

Back 37

runny nose, tearing itchy eyes, hives, itching, motion sickness, sleep aid

Front 38

What routes are antihistamines given?

Back 38

PO, some IM & IV, topical

Front 39

What are the side effects of Antihistamines?

Back 39

drowsiness, sedation, dry mouth, vision changes, difficulty urination, constipation

Front 40

What type of drug is Benadryl

Back 40

Antihistamine

Front 41

What type of drug is Allegra?

Back 41

Non-Sedating Antihistamine

Front 42

What is the mechanism of action for non-sedating antihistamines?

Back 42

work peripherally so no CNS effects

Front 43

What is the drug effect of non-sedating antihistamines?

Back 43

drying effect

Front 44

What is the therepeutic use of non-sedating antihistamines?

Back 44

seasonal allergic rhinitis

Front 45

What routes are non-sedating antihistamines given?

Back 45

PO

Front 46

What are the side effects of Non-sedating antihistamines?

Back 46

life threatening drug interactions so is available by prescription only.

Front 47

The following nursing interventions are for what type of drug?
Take as prescribed, best if taken with meals
Avoid driving, alcohol, other CNS depressants
Read labels for drug interactions
Suck on hard candy for dry mouth
Report over-sedation, confusion

Back 47

Antihistamines

Front 48

What type of drugs are alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulants?

Back 48

Nasal Decongestants

Front 49

What is the mechanism of action of nasal decongestants?

Back 49

to shrink engorged nasal mucous membranes

Front 50

What are the drug effects of nasal decongestants?

Back 50

constrict arterioles so reduce blood flow and nasal congestion

Front 51

What are the therepeutic uses for nasal decongestants?

Back 51

use for acute or chronic rhinitis, colds, sinusitis, hay fever, allergies

Front 52

What routes are nasal decongestants given?

Back 52

PO
topical
inhaled sprays

Front 53

What are the side effects of nasal decongestants?

Back 53

they are rare - nervousness, tremors, insomnia, palpitations

Front 54

The following are nursing interventions for what type of drug?
Report fever, cough, other symptoms lasting longer than a week
avoid caffeine and products containing caffeine
teach awareness of side effects (palpitations, insomnia, restlessness & nervousness, dry mouth)

Back 54

Nasal Decongestant Nursing interventions

Front 55

Antitussives consist of what type of drugs?

Back 55

narcotic / non-narcotic (opioid / non-opioid)

Front 56

What is the mechanism of action for antitussives?

Back 56

suppress the cough reflex through a direct action on the cough center

Front 57

What is the drug effect of antitussives?

Back 57

suppress the cough reflex

Front 58

What routes are antitussives given?

Back 58

PO

Front 59

What are the side effects of antitussives?

Back 59

opioids - sedation, light-headedness, constipation
non-opioids - dizziness, nausea and drowsiness

Front 60

Codeine is is used in what type of respiratory drug?

Back 60

Antitussives

Front 61

The following are nursing interventions for what type of drugs?
teach to avoid driving due to drowsiness, report cough, fever, rash, HA lasting longer than a week, if using lozenges or chewable tablets avoid liquids for 30 minutes

Back 61

Antitussives

Front 62

What is the mechanism of action of an Expectorant

Back 62

Loosening and thinning of respiratory tract secretions; increased production of respiratory tract fluids

Front 63

What is the drug effects of Expectorants

Back 63

To stimulate respiratory tract irritating the GI tract

Front 64

What is the therapeutic uses of Expectorants?

Back 64

relief of productive coughs associated with colds, bronchitis, larngitis, pharygitis, pertussis, flu, measles

Front 65

What type of drug is Guaifenesin (Musinex)

Back 65

Expectorant

Front 66

The following nursing interventions are for what type of drug?
Report rever, cough, etc lasting longer than 1 week
Encourage fluids to increase expectoration of secretions

Back 66

Expectorants

Front 67

Increase _________ while taking an Expectorant.

Back 67

fluids

Front 68

Which of the following are characteristics of Ashtma - inflammation, bronchoconstriction - mucous production - alveolar destruction?

Back 68

inflammation
bronchoconstriction
mucous production

Front 69

Which of the following characteristics of Chronic Bronchitis?

Back 69

Inflammation
not really constricted - they become smaller in circumference due to inflammation
Mucous production

Front 70

Which of the are characteristics of Emphysema?

Back 70

Inflammation
Alveolar destruction

Front 71

Define Bronchodilator -

Back 71

medication that causes the bronchi and bronchioles to dilate by relaxing smooth muscles of the respiratory tract.

Front 72

What medication causes the bronchi and bronchioles to dilate by relaxing smooth muscles of the respiratory tract.

Back 72

Bronchodilator

Front 73

What are the effects that histamine produces?

Back 73

cause blood vessels to dilate
increase acid secretion in stomach
smooth muscle constriction
mucous production due to capillary permeability of dilated vessels, fluid moves into tissues causing swelling

Front 74

This type of nasal decongestant has slower on set but longer duration of action -

Back 74

PO

Front 75

This type of nasal decongestant may cause rebound nasal congestion if overused -

Back 75

Spray

Front 76

This type of nasal decongestant may cause systemic side effects -

Back 76

PO

Front 77

In which case would use NOT use antitussives - Productive cough or Non-Productive cough?

Back 77

Productive cough because the patient needs to cough the mucous out. Physician may order in the event the patient can't sleep or coughing so hard causing bleeding

Front 78

What type of cough suppresants may cause drowsiness, constipation and requires a prescription

Back 78

Opiod Antitussives

Front 79

Expectorants are used to think and loosen respiratory tract secretions. What non-pharmacological measure can the nurse take to teach the patient in order to hlep thin secretions?

Back 79

Increase fluid intake

Front 80

Why are systemic antacids NOT the antacid of choice?

Back 80

systemic antacids may cause metabolic alkalosis and rebound hypersection of HCI.

Front 81

How do antacids relieve the pain associated with peptic ulcer disease?

Back 81

Antacids stimulate mucous production, bicarbonate secretion (buffer acid) stimulates prostaglandens (prevents histamine release)

Front 82

Antacids containing _______ should be used with caution in patients with renal failure due to the decreased ability to excrete this electrolyte.

Back 82

Magnesium

Front 83

H2 antagonists reduced HCI acid secretion in the stomach, explain why this may change absorption of other medications -

Back 83

some medications need an acidic environment in order to be absorbed.

Front 84

Sucralfate is used to _________ an eroded ulcer area in order to prevent exposure to acid.

Back 84

coat / protect

Front 85

Name three ways laxatives work to promote bowel movements -

Back 85

change consistency of the stool
increase movement thru the intestines
facilitate defeation thru the rectum

Front 86

How do antacids relieve the pain associated with peptic ulcer disease?

Back 86

Antacids stimulate mucous production, bicarbonate secretion (buffer acid) stimulates prostaglandens (prevents histamine release)

Front 87

Antacids containing _______ should be used with caution in patients with renal failure due to the decreased ability to excrete this electrolyte.

Back 87

Magnesium

Front 88

H2 antagonists reduced HCI acid secretion in the stomach, explain why this may change absorption of other medications -

Back 88

some medications need an acidic environment in order to be absorbed.

Front 89

Sucralfate is used to _________ an eroded ulcer area in order to prevent exposure to acid.

Back 89

coat / protect

Front 90

Name three ways laxatives work to promote bowel movements -

Back 90

change consistency of the stool
increase movement thru the intestines
facilitate defeation thru the rectum