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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Respiration definition
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The entire process of exchanging gases between the atmosphere and body cells. (Moving air into and out of the lungs is NOT respiration. It is VENTILATION.) |
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Function of mucous membranes
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Warm, clean, and moisten the air
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Lobes of lung? How many on Left and Right?
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Two lobes on left, three on right
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What is the site of gas transfer in the lungs?
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Alveoli
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When you increase the volume of a gas, what happens to the pressure?
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When you increase the volume of a gas, the pressure goes down.
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Which phase of ventilation requires muscular activity, inspiration or expiration?
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Inspiration
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Expiration depends on? (2)
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Elastic recoil and surface tension
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What does surface tension do to the alveoli?
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It tends to collapse them.
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What happens to surface tension when a bubble gets smaller?
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Surface tension goes up as a bubble gets smaller.
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In the lungs, surface tension would be so high the alveoli would collapse. Why don't they?
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The alveoli make surfactant, which lowers surface tension.
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What is the VC (vital capacity)?
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The vital capacity, the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after a maximum inhalation.
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What is TV (tidal volume)?
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Tidal volume. The amount of air ventilated in one breath. Usually about 500 ml at rest.
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What is Residual Volume?
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Residual volume is the air left in the lungs after a maximal forced expiration.
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What is dead space?
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The amount of air in the body not subject to gas exchange.
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What is anatomic dead space?
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Air in the trachea and bronchi
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What is alveolar dead space?
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Air that enters non-working alveoli
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What is physiologic dead space?
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The sum of alveolar and anatomic dead space
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What is minute ventilation?
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Minute Ventilation = Tidal Volume x Respiratory Rate
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What is alveolar ventilation?
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The amount of air that gets to working alveoli per minute.
(Alveolar Ventilation = (Tidal Volume - Physiologic Dead Space) X Respiratory Rate |
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What is a partial pressure of a gas?
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The amount of gas carried in the blood or tissues.
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Where are the sensors to measure CO2 content?
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In the brain.
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Where are the sensors to measure O2 content?
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In the carotid body and aortic arch.
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What is the primary driver of respiration in healthy people?
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The PCO2 (the amount of CO2 in the body)
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What is the secondary driver of respiration in healthy people?
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The PO2
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What is the respiratory membrane?
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The membrane through which gasses must travel to enter or leave the body. One layer of squamous cells in the alveoli, one layer of squamous cells in the capillary.
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What cells make up the respiratory membrane?
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One layer of squamous cells in the alveoli, one layer of squamous cells in the capillary.
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What is Fick's Law?
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Diffusion rate = k x Surface Area x (Patm-Pplasma)/Thickness of membrane
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How is O2 transported?
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Bound to hemoglobin
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How is CO2 transported (3)?
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Dissolved in plasma,
bound to hemoglobin, as HCO3- |
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What is the main method of transport for CO2?
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as HCO3-
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What percent of hemoglobin is carrying oxygen when blood leaves the alveoli?
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100%
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What do we call the percent of hemoglobin carrying oxygen?
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The hemoglobin saturation
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What is the FEV1? |
The volume of air exhaled in one second during a maximum forced expiration. |
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What is a normal FEV1? |
Approximately 80% of the Forced Vital Capacity |
