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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reliability |
The ability to produce similar results when repeated measurements are made under identical conditions. |
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4 Scales of Measurement |
Nominal: Qualitative Differences Ordinal: Ranked Differences Interval: Has a zero, may become negative. Ratio: Absolute zero. |
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Types of Measures |
Behavioral: Observational, measured through frequency, number of errors, and latency. Physiological: Bodily functions. Self-Report: Interviews, scales, surveys. Implicit: Measures processes that aren't under conscious control. |
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Questionnaire Formats |
Open Ended: Free Response Restricted: Multiple Choice Partially Open Ended: Combination Rating Scales |
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Test Reliability in Questionnaire |
Evaluating testing and retesting and split half and parallel forms. Increasing reliability by using more questions, standardized administering, and clear language. |
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Nuremburg Code |
1. Must have a disclosed purpose and voluntary participation. 2. Thoughtless research is not unethical. 3. Researchers are responsible for participants safety. 4. If it becomes unacceptable, it must be shut down immediately. |
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Declaration of Helsinki |
The World Medical Association stated that research has to be put up for review. |
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APA Guidelines |
American Psychological Association made the code of conduct in 2002. Animals: IACUC - Insitutional Animal Care and Use Committee |
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Internal & External Validity |
Internal: The ability for a research design to test a hypothesis. Threats: maturation, testing, bias selection, and mortality. External: The degree in which a study may be extended or generalized. Threats: interactions, multiple treatments, and reactions to settings. |
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Casual & Causal Relationships |
Casual = Correlational A relationship where changes in A are related to changes in B, but not enough research was done to show influences. Causal = Experimental Cause and effect, where changes in A causes changes in B. |
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Experimental Designs |
Between Subject Designs: Different groups are assigned randomly to levels of IV. Within Subjects Design: A single group is exposed to all levels of independent variable. Single Subject Designs: Focus on all differences and changes in one subject throughout every treatment. |
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Carryover |
A prior treatment changes the participants behavior on a future measure or trial. Sources: Fatigue, sensitization, adaptation, and learning. Reducing: Counterbalance, treatment order, and minimization. |
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Experimental Research |
Independent variable is changed, dependent variable is affected. There is an experimental group and a control group. |
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Correlation Research |
Casual relationships where predictions made be made and there is no manipulations. |
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Quasi Experimental Designs |
Groups are chosen to test a variable, but there is no pre-selection process. Cross Sectional: Several age groups used for a generation effect. Longitudinal: One group used over time in repeated testing. Cohort-Sequential: Combination |
