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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 4 distinct concentric tubular layers of the female reproductive tract? |
1. serosa |
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Serosa |
-outer single layer of squamous (flattened) cells |
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Muscularis |
-double layer of smooth involuntary muscles |
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Submucosa |
-houses blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics |
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Mucosa |
-layer of epithelium that lines lumen |
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Broad Ligament |
-suspensory tissue |
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What are the components of the broad ligament? |
1. mesovarium |
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Mesovarium |
-supports the ovary |
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Mesosalpinx |
-supports the oviducts |
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Mesometrium |
-largest + most conspicuous |
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Ovary |
-the female gonad |
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What are the components of the ovary? |
1. cortex |
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Cortex |
-outer portion |
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Medulla |
-central portion |
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What animal is the exception the cortex and medulla? |
-the mare |
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Mare Cortex |
-inside portion |
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Mare Medulla |
-outer portion |
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Where is the specific location of ovulation in the mare? |
-ovulation fossa |
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Tunica Albuginea |
-single layer of cuboidal cells called the germinal epithelium that surrounds the ovary |
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Follicle |
-ovarian structure that houses + maintains an oocyte |
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Corpus Luteum (corpora lutea) |
-"yellow bodies" |
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Corpus Albicans (white body) |
-degenerating corpus luteum |
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What 3 things does the oviduct consist of? |
1. infidibulum |
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Infindibulum |
-funnel shaped opening of the oviduct |
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Fimbriae- |
-velvety, finger-like projections that increase the SA of the infidibulum maximizing the chance to capture the oocyte |
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Ampulla |
-dilated portion of the oviduct |
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Ampullary Isthmus Junction |
-site of fertilization |
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Isthmus |
-narrow portion |
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Utero-tubal junction |
-where the isthmus joins the uterus (fallopian tube) |
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Mucosa of Oviduct |
-beating cilia for transport |
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Duplex Uterus |
-2 cervices |
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Simplex Uterus |
-one cervix |
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Bicornuate |
-one cervix |
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Didelphic |
-single vaginal canal that leads into a left vagina + right vagina |
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What are the components of the uterine wall? |
-perimetrium |
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Perimetrium (serosa) |
-outer layer of loose connective tissue that is continuous with the broad ligament |
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Myometrium |
-outer longitudinal layer + inner circular muscular layer |
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Endometrium |
-uterine lining (mucosa + submucosa) |
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Uterine (endometrial) glands |
-branched tubular structures that secrete into the lumen |
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Uterine fluid |
-primarily from uterine glands |
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Caruncles |
-small, non-glandular areas that protrude from the surface of the endometrium |
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Prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) |
-produced by cells of the endometrium |
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What are the main functions of the uterus? |
1. site of implantation + pregnancy |
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Cotelydon |
-fetal component of exchange |
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What are the functions of the cervix? |
1. may act as a sperm reservoir |
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Cervix |
-thick walled organ |
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Cows + Ewes cervix |
-cervical (annular) rings
-interlocking ridges that form rings |
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Sows Cervix |
-rings interdigitate |
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Mares Cervix |
-cervical folds (longitudinal folds instead of rings) |
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Bitch + Queen Cervix |
-smooth |
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Mucus |
-secreted by goblet cells |
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Mucus Estrogen vs Progesterone |
-estrogen = increases quantity of mucus secreted, decreases the viscosity (promotes sperm transport) |
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Vagina |
-serves as a copulatory organ |
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Fornix Vagina |
-cervix protrudes into the anterior vagina forming a crypt/pocket |
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Anterior (cranial) Vagina |
-closest to cervix, separated from vestibule by muscular sphincter and connective tissue hymen |
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Vestibule (posterior/caudal vagina) |
-closest to vulva |
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Urethral Orifice |
-separates the anterior/posterior vagina |
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Vaginal Fluid |
-from cervical and vaginal secretions |
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Vulva |
-external part of the female RT -ventral portion contains the clitoris |
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Vestibular Glands (glands of Bartholin) |
-produce lubricant during copulation |
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Hen Ovary |
-cluster of developing follicles |
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Stigma |
-ruptures during ovulation + releases oocyte |
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Hen Infundibulum |
-funnel shaped, catches oocyte |
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Magnum (hen) |
-where albumin/egg white is added |
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Isthmus (hen) |
-inner/outer shell membrane is added |
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Uterus or shell gland (hen) |
-hard shell is added |
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Vagina (hen) |
-cuticle is added here |
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Cloaca |
-terminal chamber of the RT, digestive, and urinary systems |
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T/F: Horn adjacent to CL is where pregnancy is occuring |
-True |
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Spermatic Cord |
-extends from the inguinal canal (passage through which each testis descended) |
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Vas deferens |
-goes through the spermatic cord |
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Cremaster Muscle |
-one for each testis |
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Pampiniform Plexus |
-plays a role in temp control |
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Scrotum |
-two lobed sac that houses the testis |
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Tunica Dartos |
-muscular sheet that lines the scrotum |
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What are the seven anatomical features that allow the testis to remain cool? |
1. absence of subcutaneous fat in the scrotum 4. cremaster muscle |
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Testis |
-paired organs |
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tunica albuginea |
-sheet of tough connective tissues that surrounds the entire testes |
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Mediastinum |
-connective tissue core of testis in pig, sheep, and bull |
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What are the three distinct stages of reproductive behavior in the male? |
1. precopulatory stage |
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What are the three functions of reproductive behavior in the female? |
1. attractivity |
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Attractivity |
-refers to behaviors and other signals that serve to attract males |
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Proceptivity |
-behaviors exhibited by females toward males that stimulate the male to copulate or that reinitiate sexual behavior after copulation |
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Receptivity |
-copulatory behavior of females that ensures insemination |
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What are some courtship specific behaviors? |
-sniffing of the vulva by the male, urination by the female in the presence of the male, flehmen behavior of the male, chin resting of the male on the hind end of the female, increased phonation (vocalization) |
|
Sustained copulators |
-boar |
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Intermediate copulator |
-stallion |
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Short copulators |
-bull |
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refactory period |
-period of time during which a second copulation will not take place |