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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MRI
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`Signal intensity.
Fluid is white, solid structures are dark. |
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CT
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attenuation or density.
Bone is high, fluid intermediate, far is lowest |
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US
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echo-texture.
Fluid is dark and hypoechoic Gas is brught and hyperechoic AKA echogenic. |
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Uterus in which position in most women?
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anteverted
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Modality of choice to image female pelvic organs
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US - no radiation and cheap.
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Transvaginal US vs. transabdominal
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Transvaginal - better resolution bc probe is close to target organ.
Transabdominal - In pregnant and non-sexually active pts. Scans THROUGH a full bladder. |
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When is endometrium thin and thick?
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Thinnest after menses, increases under estrogen, and thickest under progesterone.
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If pt has glandular uterus after menstrual bleed
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that is abnormal
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What is the hypoechoic portion of the trilaminar endometrium
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Fluid within the secretory glands.
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Sonohysterogram
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insert saline fluid into endometrial cavity to better outline endometrial walls and visualize a polyp.
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Hysterosalpinogram
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Insert fluor. dye into endometrial cavity and image with live radiation. Frequently done in pts with infertility.
Salpingo- - refers to fallopian tubes. |
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Intramural fibroid
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in myometrium muscle.
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Fibroid appear...
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hypoechoic
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Submucosal fibroid
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below the endometrium. Displaces/irritates endometrial lining and most commonly presents with bleeds.
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Subserosal fibroid
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"may stimadnexal mass (i.e. look like ovarian mass)"
grow on outside wall and grow outwardless to push on bladder |
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Cervical fibroid
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may complicate a vaginal delivery.
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Ovary appearance in PCOS
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string of pearls.
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Simple cyst
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this is when the dominant follicle never ruptures so it increases in size and fills with fluid.
this stretches the capsule and causes pain. Hemorrhagic cyst is when it grows into a BV. You would see reticular network (fibrin clot) and mixed epigenic fluid ("complex cyst") |
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How to distinguish btwn cyst and ovarian CA
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doppler.
you would see blood flow in CA, and blood clot in cyst. |
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Dermoid
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most common solid tumor and it is a benign solid lesion in the ovary.
presents with pain and similar density as fat. |
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Torsion
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A large cyst or dermoid (rarely a rumor) that twists around one of its ligaments.
BVs run in ligaments so as twisting occurs, vein is compressed and venous return is lost from ovary. So if you see a large engorged ovary and pelvic pain, dx is torsion. |
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Hydrosalpinx
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Distally blocked fallopian tube filled with serous or clear fluid.
This dilates the fallopian tube. |
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Order of things seen in pregnancy
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Gestational sac (note - will see pseudosac in ectopic preg)
Decidual tissue yolk sac - if you see this, pregnancy is intrauterine. Amniotic sac Embryo Heartbeat - must be present if embryo is >5mm |
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If preg test is positive but intrauterine preg is not seen
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ectopic until proven otherwise.
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Nuchaltranslucency
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An US at 11-14 weeks gestation where there is extra fluid behind neck in babies with chrom abnormalities (e.g. Trisomy 21)
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Scrotal US - painful side has low and high BF...
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Low - torsion
High - infection (e.g. orchitis) |
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Microlithiasis
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Small calcification in testes. Correlated with testicular CA.
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If you see large Ca++ mass in testes
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Assume an old infection, trauma, infarct or old treated CA
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Hydrocele
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dark fluid accum btwn testis and tunica.
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varicocele
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more common on left side bc of venous drainage. will have tubular struc outside testis but within scrotal sac.
Right - requires imaging of R kidney and retroperitoneum to rule out renal tumor or mass and IVC thrombus. |
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Prostate imaging
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usually do US and MRI to dx CA.
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