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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is a Religious Experience? |
A religious experience is entirely subjective and is well identified as a non-empirical occurrence in which many have perceived it as “Supernatural”. |
Non-empirical |
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What is a Religious Experience? |
A religious experience is an occurrence in which is purposed to bring a higher form of “deity” (divine nature) in which results to an individual being lead closer to God |
Deity |
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What did Immanuel Kant say about RE? |
We as human beings do not have the sense to familiarise ourselves with religious experiences |
Sense |
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What did Ninian Smart say about RE? |
Ninian Smart described religious experiences as “perceptions of a manifestation of the invisible or unseen world...” |
Unseen |
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What did David Hay say about RE? |
David Hay described religious experiences as “natural phenomenon’s in which operates according to the laws of natural selection...”
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Natural Phenomenons |
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What did Sigmund Freud say about RE? |
Sigmund Freud, believed that religious experiences are to be classified as a “neurosis” and would describe religious experiences as “psychotic delusions” or “neurotic behaviour”.
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Neurosis |
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What are the 4 main types of RE? |
Revelational Experiences Mystical Experiences Conversional Experiences Visionary Experiences |
RMCV |
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What is a Revelational Experience? |
Defined as the revealing of some truth or knowledge from a supernatural entity or deity. |
Truth or Knowledge |
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What are the different types of Revelational Experiences? |
General Revelations Special Revelations Propositional Revelations Non-Propositional Revelations |
General/Special Propositional/Non |
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What is a General Revelation? |
A General Revelation is a Revelation that is universally available to all humanity. |
Universal |
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Can you give one example of a General Revelation? |
Psalms 19 - How God created the Heavens and Earth. Isaac Newton "counsel and dominion of an intelligent and powerful being" |
Psalms 19 Isaac Newton |
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What is a Special Revelation? |
A Special Revelation is a Revelation specified for an Individual |
Specified |
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Can you give one example of a Special Revelational Exp. |
When Prophet Muhammad encounters Angel Gabriel in a cave named Hira. First Revelation of the Qu'ran.
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Muhammad |
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What is a Propositional Revelation? |
Communication of exact truth from the divine towards humanity |
Truth |
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Can you give an example of a Propositional Revelation? |
The 10 Commandments directly scripted by God |
Exodus - 10 Commandments |
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What is a Non-Propositional Revelation? |
Revelation that has some truth, but is mostly translated by human language |
Translated |
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Can you give another example of a Non-Propositional Revelation? |
Thomas Aquinas believed that God is Love |
Aquinas - Love |
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Which Scholars talk about Revelational Experiences? |
John Wisdom - Garden and 2 different views. (Subjectivity) St Teresa of Avila - 3 Fold Test Caroline Franks Davis - 6 Fold Test |
John Wisdom St Teresa of Avila Caroline Franks Davis |
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What is a Conversional Experience? |
An experience that leads to the transformation of an individuals belief and faith. |
One to another. |
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Give an example of a Conversional Experience |
St Paul (who was originally named Saul) converted to Christianity after he had a Visionary experience, when he was on his was to Damascus to persecute the Christians. |
St Paul |
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Give another example of a Conversional Experience |
Simone Veil was born into a Jewish Family, but later on converted to Catholicism. |
Simone Veil |
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Which Scholars are included in Conversional Experiences? |
William James - 4 Categories St Teresa of Avila - 3 Fold Test George Whitefield - "Cannot be converted without being convinced." |
William James St Teresa of Avila George Whitefield |
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What is a Visionary Experience? |
Something seen than by ordinary sight |
Ordinary Sight |
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What are the 4 types of Visionary Experiences that Ninian Smart developed? |
Intellectual Visions Imaginary Visions Corporeal Visions Non-Corporeal Visions |
IICN |
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What is an Intellectual Vision? Give examples |
Intellectual Visions results to the gaining of Knowledge and Understanding. Peter's Vision of the Blanket with Animals - "Do not call anything that I created unclean" Julian Norwich's Vision of "Revelation of Divine Love" - Everything exists through Gods Love. |
Knowledge/Understanding Peter's Vision Julian Norwich's Vision |
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What is an Imaginary Vision? Give examples |
Imaginary Visions results to the strengthening of ones faith in God or any other type of faith in the divine. Angel Gabriel speaks to Mary in Luke/Angel Gabriel speaks to Joseph through a dream, warning him. Abraham's vision of God's Conditional Covenant |
Strengthens faith Mary/Joseph Abraham |
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What is an Corporeal Vision?
Give examples |
A Corporeal Vision occurs when an individual encountered the divine physically whether through sight, sound, touch or even smell. St Bernadette having 18 visions of The Virgin Mary St Paul having a vision that included a bright light that blinded him for three days, and a voice proclaiming that it was "Jesus" |
Figure being present |
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What is a Non-Corporeal Vision? Give Examples |
A Non-Corporeal vision is the opposite to a Corporeal Vision. When the figure or divine is present through dreams or visions. St Teresa of Avila having a vision of an Angel holding a spear, piercing her heart that filled her up with greater love for God. Johns vision of strange creatures, the 4 Mystical and extraordinary creatures. |
Normal Language |
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Which Scholars Talk about Visionary Experiences? |
Rudolph Otto - Numinosity, feeling of being in a presence greater. Caroline Franks Davis - 6 Fold Classification. William James - 4 Distinct classifications, Noetic description. |
Rudolph Otto Caroline Franks Davis William James |
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What is a Mystical Experience? |
A Direct experience with the divine that brings about a new awareness of Ultimate reality and a sense of union.Involves Spiritual recognition of truths beyond normal understanding. |
Divine Awareness Spiritual Truths |
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What are the 3 types of mystical experiences. |
Monistic Nature Theistic |
MNT |
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What is a Monistic Mysticism |
A Mystical experience of ones own spirit as the Absolute |
Absolute |
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What is a Natural Mysticism? |
A Mystical experience connected through Nature. |
Nature |
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What is a Theistic Mysticism? |
Unification with the Divine on a personal level. Believing to be connected with God. |
Connected |
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Which Scholars talk about |
William James - "Mystical Experiences described as the ability to see truth in a special way" 4 distinct categories (PINT) related to Mystical Experiences. St Teresa of Avila - The feeling of Sacredness from something, resulting to the feeling of a deep union with God. Rudolph Otto - takes a slight different approach when identifying mystical experiences. Developing the term "Numinosity" or "wholly other" Highlights the difference between deity and us, resulting to the feeling of awe and humility within mystical experiences. |
William James St Teresa of Avila Rudolph Otto |
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Who Was William James? |
An American Psychologist An Author of "The Varieties of Religious Experiences" - Seen as the foundation to tests on verifying Religious Experiences. |
Psychologist Author |
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What were the 4 characteristics that WJ discovered? |
Passive Ineffable Noetic Transient |
PINT |
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Define Passive |
Sense of being taken over. Lacking autonomy over the religious experience. |
Autonomy |
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Define Ineffability |
The experience cannot be explained in normal language. Unable to describe.
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Language |
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Define Noetic |
Experience resulting to gaining Knowledge and Understanding beyond human reason and understanding. |
Knowledge and Understanding |
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Define Transient |
The experience not lasting long. Being imperfectly remembered. |
Length and detail |
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Give an example that merits the 4 characteristics discovered by WJ |
St Paul (who was originally named Saul) converted to Christianity after he had a Visionary experience, when he was on his was to Damascus to persecute the Christians. |
St Paul |
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Richard Swinburne's Principles |
The Principle of Credulity The Principle of Testimony |
POC POT |
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What is POC |
If “X” (God or a supernatural being) appears to be present, then it makes logical sense to state that “X” is present, unless the observer is under a particular circumstance. |
"x" |
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What is POT |
It makes sense to believe what people tell you for a majority of people, within our society, usually tell the truth. |
Truth |
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Argument for the Principles? |
Swinburne would oppose to this statement for he would argue that this test is legit due to the realistic fact of the majority of humanity experiencing feelings such as love, fear, and hatred in which these feelings cannot be scientifically proven, even though their existence are accepted and aware of by the majority of humanity |
Love |
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Richard Swinburne's Categories of RE? |
Public Experiences Private Experiences |
PE PE |
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What is a Public Experience? Give an example |
Ordinary experiences translated. Experiences in which are described as extraordinary experiences. E.g. Toronto Blessing |
Ordinary Experiences |
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What is a Private Experience? Give an example |
Experiences described in “normal” language. Experiences in which are “Ineffable”. E.g. Dreams and Visions - Joseph and his Dream of stairway to Heaven |
Normal Language |
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St Teresa of Avila |
St Teresa of Avila devised a 3 Fold Test to verify RE: 1. Gaining knowledge based on that Religion. 2. Religious Experience confirmed and accepted by a Religious Leader. 3. Sense of change and Humility without seeking popularity. |
3 Fold Test |
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John Wisdom |
Example of 2 people with different views of a garden, one praises the gardener, whilst the other sees nature. People have different views of the world and RE |
Garden |
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William Alston |
Described RE as "Properly Basic" He argued that if something is real then it must have real effects. |
Basic Real Effects |
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Caroline Franks Davis |
Author of "The Evidential Force of RE" Developed a 6 Fold Classification: 1. Mystical - Sense of oneness with the Divine, Freedom from time and space. 2. Regenerative - Guided, Called, Forgiven, Saved outcome (Renewal of Faith). 3. Revelation - New Knowledge 4. Numinous - Sense of Awe 5. Interpretative - Interpreted in a Religious way. 6. Quasi-Sensory - Experience through Human Senses. |
6 Fold Test |
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Rudolph Otto |
"All knowledge gained through experience..." Numinosity - Feelings of being in the presence of something greater. Many claim that RE refers to a sense of being in a presence of an awesome power, yet feeling distinctively separate. |
Experience = Knowledge Numinosity RE = Awesome yet Separate |
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Give an example of a Numinous Experience |
Moses and the Burning Bush Mystical + Holy + Greater Presence |
Moses |
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David Hay |
Researched the amount of people who have Religious Experiences. Results of 1/3 of Britons and Americans has felt "close to a powerful spiritual force" |
Alister Hardy supported this research. |
