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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Shema
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The Jewish doxology which expresses the essence of that faith.
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doxology
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a prayer or praise to God
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Torah
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The Law and teachings of the Jewish Scriptures; the first five books of those scriptures: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy
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covenant
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a sacred agreement, contract, testament between two parties
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Habiru
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A mane referring to a social group in the ancient Middle East who lived on the fringe of society, at times referring to roving bands, mercenaries, and foreign slaves. It may be that the Hebrews emeerged from one such group.
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El Shaddai
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the clan god of Abraham and Sarah; "God Almighty'
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prophet
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among the Jews, one who called the people back to the covenant and who led the people in their understanding of God
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Babylonian Exile
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the capture of the Jewish leadership and exile of this group into the Babylonian empire from 587 to 536 BCE
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Zealots
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A militant faction within Judaism in the first centure CE that led a revolt against the Romans in order to free the Jewsih homeland from Roman control in 66 CE. Romans burned the temple.
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synagogue
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In Judaism, a special building for worship and instruction
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Talmud
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a collection of Jewish laws and traditions; a compilation of Jewish doctrine and discipline based and built on the Torah
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Adonai
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a Jewish name for God which menas "Lord"
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traits of Jewish God
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God is one. God is personal. God is saving. God is faithful. God is above all.
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Sabbath
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a day of worship and rest; in Judaism, from sundown on Friday to sundown on Saturday.
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Rosh Hashanah
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Jewish celebration of the new year.
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Yom Kippur
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a Jewish Day of Atonement.
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Sukkot
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The Jewish autumn harvest celebration; Feast of Booths or Feast of Tabernacles.
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Hanukkah
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The Jewish Festival of Lights or Feast of Dedication celebrated in December. celebrates religios freedome and loyalty.
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Purim
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A Jewish winter feast which recalls the biblical story of Esther who fasted three days before apporaching the king on behalf of her people
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Pesah or Passover
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The Jewish spring festival recalling the Exodus; includes seder meal.
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Shavu'ot
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The Jewish feast celebrated on the fiftieth day after Passover; the Feast of Weeks or Pentecost. Considered the birthday of the Juwish religion, recalling the time Moses received the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai.
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Pentecost
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The Jewish festival of Shavu'ot, commemorating the giving of the Ten Commandments by God to Moses; the Christian feast celebrated fifty days after Easter, which celebrates the gift of the Holy Spirit to the first Christians
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resurrection
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a rising from the dead; belief in the resurrection of Jesus is common among Christians
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Gospel
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One of four books in the Christian Scriptures (Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, Letters, Book of Revelation) Includes books of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. Deals with the life and teachings of Jesus; literally, the word means "good news"
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Three Christian churches
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Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant
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Trinitarian
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characterized by belief in one God in three persons; in general, the Christian understanding of God
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baptistm
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initiation into the Christian community by water (immersion, pouting over the head, or sprinkling) and the words, "I baptized you in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit."
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sacrament
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a sign or symbol which expresses the Holy as understood by members of a particular religion; for Christians, a sacrament is a visible sign of the action of Jesus in their lives
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revelation
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that which God has disclosed to people about God, human beings, the meaning of life and death, and the world as a whole.
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liturgy
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public acts of worship
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minaret
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muslim tower with balconies used for the announcement of prayers
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Allah
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THE God, in Islam
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jinn
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Sprites or spirits (sometimes described as similar to elves or fairies) capable of taking on human forms and of influencing human beings for good or evil; spiritual beings between humans and angels.
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Quran
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the holy writings of Islam
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Ishmael
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Son of Abraham by the servant woman Hagar
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Makkah
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the holy city of Islam, located in Saudi Arabia; in the West. Where Muslims direct their prayer toward
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Hegira
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Muhammad's flight from Makka to Medina
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shahada
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Islamic public profession of acceptance of Allah as the One God and Muhammad as the messenger of God.
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salat
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the duty of Muslim men to pray, including the obligatory five times daily.
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mosque
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The Muslim house of prayer and worship
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Imam
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the leader of prayer in a mosque
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zakat
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the Muslim obligation to give alms for the care of the poor and needy
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Ramadan
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the Muslim obligation to fast during the ninth lunar month in the Arabian calendar
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Muslim Pillars of Faith
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profession of faith (shahada), obligation to pray (salat), giving of alms (zakat), fasting, pilgrimage to Makkah (hajj)
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Ka'ba
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the rectangular sacred shrine of Islam located in the courtyard of the Great Mosque in Makkah
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hajj
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The Muslim obligation to make a pilgrimage to the Ka'ba in Makkah
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jihad
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Islamic holy war to spread Muslim rule
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Hadith
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a collection of Muhammad's words, sayings, explanations, and examples to help the believer follow the Quran
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caste
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a division in Hindu society based on one's position in life, determined by birth into that group
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Hinduism
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the basic religion of India, marked by contemplation and self-denial for religious reasons
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Brahman
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For Hindus, the transpersonal ultimate divine reality (or the Absolute, or the Godhead), primal souce of the universe and ultimate goal of all beings
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Brahma
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Hindu god who is the Creator
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Vishnu
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the Hindu god who is the Preserver
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Shiva
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the Hindu god who is the Destroyer
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panentheism
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belief that the whole of reality is in God
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Upanishads
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a collection of philosophical and mystical texts dealing with Atman and Brahman; they are appended to the Vedas and are a major part of the Hindu Scriptures considered to have divine origin
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Atman
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the true self or sould of each individual, the soul being divine and eternal and beyond the ego or personality
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nirvana
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In Hinduism, a state in which a person is united with his or her deepest self, Brahman
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reincarnation
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rebirth into a higher or lower form of life according to how well or how poorly a previous life was lived
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moksha
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release from the endless cycle of rebirth~ such a one is utterly free of the unreal self and enters the state of eternal union, or true self
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law of karma
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the moral law of cause and effect; the Hindu connection between how one acts and consequences for those actions.
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yoga
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a system or physical and mental discipline designed to achieve a spiritual purpose
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Hindu ways to untion with Ultimate Reality
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through knowledge (jnana yoga), through love (bhakti yoga), through work (karma yoga), through psychological experience (raja yoga)
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guru
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a spiritual director, teacher, or guide, in the Hindu tradition
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Krishna
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a popular and important incarnation of Vishnu in Hinduism.
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Kali
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the Hindu goddess who destroys evil
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Vedas
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four collections of religious material containing prayers, ritual, liturgy, hymns, and spells and charms of a popular nature
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Brahmanas
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a collection of writings for priests containing directions for sacrifice of Hindu
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Bhagavad Gita
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a book of Hindu Scripture containing the story of Lard Krishna, who is the source of the manifestations of Vishnu
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samskaras
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Hindu sacred life-cycle rituals
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Buddhusm
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a way of life based on the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path
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the Buddha
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Siddhartha Guatama, The Awakened or Enlightened One
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ascetic
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One who dedicates his or her life to the pursuit of contemplative ideals, and practices extreme self denial for religious reasons
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Four Noble Truths
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According to Buddha, four principles for living that lead to happiness. 1. All things in the world untail sorrow and suffering. 2. The cause of suffering is desire, the craving of the pleasures of life. 3. The end of suffering will come only when the craving for pleasure is ended; one must let go of one's desires. 4. The end of craving will come if a person follows the Eightfold Path to perfection.
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Eightfold Path
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Eight steps or modes of being and acting necessary in the Buddhist way of life. 1. right views 2 right thought 3. right speech 4. right conduct 5. right livelihood 6. right effort 7. right mindfulness 8. right concentration
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ego-self
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our own views of ourselves, which is highly subjective and biased according to our personal ego needs
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Theravada Buddhism
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a division of Buddhism which stresses the sangha (the brotherhood of monks) as the means of following the dhamma (the essential quality or character of Buddhism)
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dhamma
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the essential quality or character of Buddhism
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bodhisattva
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In Buddhism, one who is on the threshold of nirvana but postpones his or her own entry to help others reach nirvana
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Mahayana Buddhism
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a major division of Buddhism which extends the goal of Buddhism to laypersons, as well as to monks, the goal being a godly existence of self-sacrifice and compassion, as well as nirvana
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Tantric (Mantrayana) Buddhism
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a division of Buddhism which combined Mahayana Buddhism with Tantric cults of India, includes many deities and spirits
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Zen Buddhism
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a school of Mahayana Buddhism which has successfully conveyed to the West certain aspects of the Buddha's teachings; its hallmark is contemplation. It is the form of Buddhism practiced in Japan.
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satori
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Glimpse of enlightenment (achievement in a flash) about life
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Pali Canon
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a collection of revered Buddhist writings recorded from oral traditions and codified and standardized in the first century CE; they contain sermons, rules, and essays on philosophy and psychology
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yang
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a general term referring to any active or positive principle
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yin
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a general term referring to any receptive or nagative principle
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Confucianism
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a moral/ethical system developed by the Chinese philosopher Confucius, which emphasizes patience and moral acting
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Kung-Fu-tzu
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Confucius, "Kung the Teacher"
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Taoism
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a religious system of China which teaches the importance of untion with and balance in nature
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Tao
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the nameless, formless eternal principle that governs the universe, or the Path, or Way, that the universe (nature) follows; as used in Taoism, it means roughly "The Way Life Is"
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Lao-Tzu
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Legendary author of the Tao Te Ching ("The Way and Its Power"), from which Taoism evolved
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Tao Te Ching
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"The Way and Its Power," the foundational book of Taoism
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estoric
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meant for only the select few who have special knowledge, not sommon or ordinary, not simple
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wu wei
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Taoism principle translated roughly as "let go" or "let it happen;" act in harmony with the nature of what on is dealing with
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Shinto
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a Japaneseform of the Chinese shin tao, meaning "the way of the kami" the native religion of Japan
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kami
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for the early Japanese, the forces of nature; related to nature worship and ancestor worship in Japan today.
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ceremonies of shinto involve four elements
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purification to remove all pollution, unrighteousness, and evil. offerings. prayers. sacred feast.
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zazen
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a meditation technique used by Zen Buddhists in Japan
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Koan
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Zen paradox- arresting question which tends to halt one's "thinding about things," to create doubt and anguish in order to awaken a deeper level of the mind beyond the discursive intellect
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roshi
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a mater "certified" to "teach" Zen
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haiku
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a form of Japanese poetry known for its simplicity
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bodhisattva
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In shintoism, the human form of a Shinto god
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