Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Where would you NOT normally find microbiota? a. vagina b. heart c. intestines d. mouth |
b. heart |
|
|
The relationship between a pregnant woman and the lactobacillus in her vagina could be described as... a. mutualistic b. commensal c. parasitic d. none of these |
a. mutualistic |
|
|
An opportunistic pathogen a. causes disease in healthy people b. causes disease in immunocompromised people. c. causes diseases in everyone. |
b. causes disease in immunocompromised people. |
|
|
What bacteria colonizes the newborn baby through the birth canal? a. Lactobacillus b. Mycobacterium c. Staphylococcus |
a. Lactobacillus |
|
|
Normal resident microbes in our bodies interact with us as:
A. Commensals B. Mutualists C. Pathogens D. A and B E. A, B and C |
D. A and B |
|
|
how well can the pathogen establish itself in the host and how much damage does the pathogen cause are examples of _______ ________.
|
Virulence factors |
|
|
Which of these is NOT a step in the infection process? a. finding a portal of entry b. traveling through the blood stream c. attaching to the host d. surviving the host's defenses e. causing damage to the host |
b. traveling through the blood stream |
|
|
Which would have a higher chance of causing infection. a. ID 5 b. ID 10 c. ID 20 d.ID 50 e. they all would |
a. ID 5, because it requires very little to cause an infection. |
|
|
How could a bacterium invade phagocytosis? |
With capsules that prevent it from being engulfed, slime layers (glycocalyx) |
|
|
Which of these enzymes would affect the hosts skin? a. collogenase b. lipases c. coagulase d. protease |
a. collagenase |
|
|
Which of these is responsible for causing fevers? a. endotoxin b. exotoxin |
a. endotoxin |
|
|
True or false?
Gram positive bacteria carry endotoxins in their cell walls. |
False. Gram-negative bacteria have endotoxins, which are released when the cell lyses. |
|
|
True or false? exotoxins are enzymes. |
False. exotoxins are proteins. |
|
|
A-B toxins are composed of two parts. the A part is the ________ part. And the B part is the ________ part. |
Active, binding |
|
|
Explain in four steps how a fever is induced. |
1. The macrophage engulfs a gram- bacterium. 2. The bacterium induces the macrophage to release cytokines. 3. The cytokines are released into the blood stream to the hypothalamus, which regulates body temperature. 4. The cytokines induce the hypothalamus to increase the body's temperature (fever) |
|
|
Which of these is NOT a symptom of an endotoxin? a. fever b. chills c. stomach cramps d. weakness e. aches and pains |
c. stomach cramps |
|
|
A pimple is considered what type of infection? a. localized b. systemic c. primary d. secondary |
a. localized |
|
|
A girl catches a common cold, and then the cold turns into pneumonia. Pneumonia is considered a ___________ infection. a. systemic b. primary c. secondary d. none of these |
c. secondary |
|
|
A person who is suffering from AIDS is a ______ carrier, and has a ___________ type of infection. |
chronic, systemic |
|
|
True or false? The flu and the common cold are both acute infections. |
True. Acute infections have short rapid symptoms. |
|
|
A patient who has no noticeable symptoms, and appear healthy is classed as a ___________ carrier, and has a ___________ infection. |
Chronic, subclinical infection |
|
|
A positive antibody test for HIV would be a _____________ of infection:
a. sign b. symptom c. syndrome |
a. Sign. A sign has to be measured. |
|
|
Which of these ways is NOT a way of a pathogen exiting a host? A. Secretion B. Excretion C. Discharge D. Sloughed tissue E. All of these choices are correct |
E. All of these choices are correct |
|
|
Virulence factors include:
a. Toxins b. Enzymes c. Capsules d. A and B e. A, B and C |
e. A, B and C |
|
|
The period that a person may start to feel under the weather is called the __________ period. |
Prodromal |
|
|
The ______________ is the time that lapses between an encounter with a pathogen and the first symptoms
a. Prodromal b. Period of invasion c. Period of convalescence d. Period of incubation |
d. period of incubation |
|
|
Which of these is not considered a RESERVOIR? a. water b. dirty clothing c. a human/animal d. soil/dirt e. water |
b. dirty clothing |
|
|
True or false? Humans are usually a dead end host for zoonotic diseases. |
True. |
|
|
A ___________ disease spreads from one host to another
|
communicable |
|
|
_____________ diseases are easily spread. |
contagious |
|
|
________ ___________ are not spread from host to host.
|
non communicable |
