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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Esterification (reaction with carboxylic acids) conditions |
-catalysed by conc sulphuric acid - carried out under reflux
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In what other way can an alcohol be converted to an ester? |
Acylation |
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Acylation sample equation |
- an acyl chloride reacts vigorously and exothermically with alcohol to release hcl gas. No catalyst required |
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Sample equation for dehydration |
- excess conc h2so4 - heating to 170 degrees C |
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Iodoform reaction |
- used to test for secondary alcohols and ketones (COC) - reagent is I2 in the presence of NaOH - methyl group oxidized to form CHI3 (yellow ppt) - the only aldehyde that reacts with iodoform is ethanal |
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Oxidation of primary alcohols |
-they are oxidized by a variety of oxidizing reagents (acidified KMnO4 or acidified K2Cr2O7 ) - when the alcohol is in excess they are oxidized to aldehydes -when the oxidizing agent is in excess the aldehydes are further oxidized to carboxylic acids |
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Oxidation of secondary alcohols |
- they are oxidized to ketones and cannot be oxidized further |
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Oxidation of Tertiary alcohols |
They cannot be oxidized |
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Physical properties of alcohols |
- are miscible in water - polar - hydrogen bonding -volatile -boiling point of alcohol is 78 degrees C |
