Rc222 Exam # 3

Front 1

Which of the following would be a normal person's arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2)?

Back 1

35-45 mm Hg

Front 2

All of the following will be seen in the arterial blood gas values of a patient with acute ventilatory failure EXCEPT:

Back 2

An acidic pH,a near-normal bicarbonate level,an alkaline pH, a high carbon dioxide,Answer is an alkaline pH

Front 3

Common causes of metabolic acidosis include all of the following EXCEPT:

Back 3

diabetic ketoacidosis, shallow breathing from a sedative overdose, lactic acidosis,renal (Kidney) failure, the answer is shallow breathing fro a sedative overdose

Front 4

Which of the following would be found in a stable patient with longstanding lung disease?

Back 4

Low bicarbonate level and low carbon dioxide level, low boicabonate level and high carbon dioxide level, High bicarbonate level and low carbon dioxide level, High bicarbonate level andHigh carbon dioxide level, the answer is High bicarbonate level and High carbon dioxide level

Front 5

Common causes of metabolic alkalosis include:

Back 5

diuretic therapy, vomiting , excessive sodium bicarbonate administration, gastric suctioning.(1,3)(2,4)(2,3,4)(1,2,3,4) the answer is 1,3

Front 6

The I wave represents:

Back 6

depolarization of the ventricles, repolarization of the ventricles., depolarization of the atria,repolarization of the atria, The answer is repolarization of the ventricles

Front 7

a premature ventricular contraction (PVC) can be identified by which of the following?

Back 7

there is no P wave, the QRS is wide, the QRS looks normal, the heart rate is altered. (1) (3,4)(1,2,4)(1,3,4) the answer is 1,2,4

Front 8

In which of the following is the atrial rate faster then the ventricular rate?

Back 8

atrial fibrillation, sinus bradycardia, atrial flutter, ventricular flutter (1,3) (2,4)(3,4)(1,2,3) the answer is 1,3

Front 9

What term is used to describe a PaO2 below the predicted level?

Back 9

hypoxia, hypopnea,hypoxemia, hypoventilation, the answer is Hypoventilation

Front 10

The oxygen level in the arterial blood is condsidered severely in adequate when it falls below what level?

Back 10

30mmHg, 40mmHg,50mmHg 60mmHg

Front 11

What is the common cause of low mismatchingoxygen levels int the arterial blood?

Back 11

Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q)

Front 12

Which of the following is not a common clinical Manifestation of hypoxemia?

Back 12

Bradycardia

Front 13

That is the best parameter for evaluation the adequacy of the patient's ventilation?

Back 13

PaCO2

Front 14

Which of the following is not a cause of metabolic acidosis because of an increase in acid production?

Back 14

Diarrhea

Front 15

The apex of the heart (tip of the left ventricle) lies just above the diaphragm at a level corresponding to which intercostal space?

Back 15

fifth

Front 16

What is loose membranous sac that encloses the heart

Back 16

pericardium

Front 17

Tissue layers making up the heart wall include which of the following? endocardium,epicardium myocardium ,(1,2,and 3)(2and3)( 2 only) (1 and 3)

Back 17

1 and 3

Front 18

Most of the muscle mass of the heart is located in which chamber?

Back 18

left ventricle(LV)

Front 19

The mitral l(bicuspid) valve does which of the following?

Back 19

prevents atrial backflow during ventiricular contraction

Front 20

Mixing of venous blood with arterial blood a right-to -left shunt) occurs normally because of which of the following? congenital cardiac defects, bronchial venuous drainage, thebesion venous drainage in the heart, (1,2, and 3)(2,and 3)( I only)( 2only)

Back 20

2 and 3

Front 21

What is ability of myocardial tissue to propagate electrical impulses?

Back 21

automaticity

Front 22

what in essence is frank-starling's law of the heart?

Back 22

the greater the stretch, the stronger the contraction

Front 23

Which of the following represent the normal order of structures encountered by blood flowing from the vena cava to the aorta?

Back 23

RA, tricuspid valve, RV, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, LA, mitral valve, LV,aortic valve

Front 24

What circulatory system is referred to as a low-pressure, low-resistance ststem?

Back 24

pulmonary vascular bed

Front 25

Which of the following statement is true?

Back 25

SVR is normally approximately ten times higher than PVR

Front 26

which of the following formulas is used to calculate the totall amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute, or cardiac output?

Back 26

rate X SV

Front 27

what is a normal cardiac ejection fraction

Back 27

2/3

Front 28

what factor stimulates the caroditd and aortic chemoreceptors

Back 28

high carbon diodixide levels

Front 29

During the normal events of the cardiac cycle, which of the following statements is true?

Back 29

electrical depolarization precedes mechanical contraction

Front 30

The first heart sound is associated
with what mechanical event of the cardiac cycle?

Back 30

atrioventricular valve closure

Front 31

the second heart sound is associated with what mechanical event of cardiac cycle?

Back 31

semilunar valve opening

Front 32

which of the following would be inconsistent with respiratory alkalosis?

Back 32

PaCO2=42mm Hg

Front 33

interpret the following ABG data: pH=7.17; PaCO2,=42mmHg;PaO2=100mmHg;HCO,=16mmo l/I

Back 33

acute respiratory alkalosis

Front 34

A patient has a PCO2 of 21mmHg. Based on this information you may correctly conclude that.

Back 34

the patient is hyperventilation

Front 35

which of the following would be common finding in chronic or compensated respiratory acidosis (an elevated HCO2) (A PH well bedow 7,35)(A pH above 7.45) A decreased PCA2 one three and four, one only, one two and four, three and four

Back 35

the answer is one only

Front 36

In regard to hypoxemia and peripheral chemoreceptors, stimulation to increase ventilation does not occur until the PaO2 falls below

Back 36

60mm Hg

Front 37

The following arterial blood gas results are from a patient who is spontaneously breathing room air: PaO2=55mm Hg, PaCO2,=58 mmHg, pH=7,36, bicarbonate=32 mEq/L.. Which of them following best describes this patient's condition?

Back 37

compensated respiratory acidosis

Front 38

which chamber of the heart initially receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cavae?

Back 38

right atrium

Front 39

where does the normal electrical impulse originate for each heartbeat?

Back 39

SA node

Front 40

what is the ventricular heart rate when the AV node paces the heart?

Back 40

40 to 60 beats/min

Front 41

what term applies to any heartbeat thqat originates outside the SA node?

Back 41

Ectopic impulse

Front 42

what is represented by the P wave on the ECG tracing?

Back 42

Depolarization of the atria

Front 43

What does the QRS complex represent?

Back 43

Depolarization of the ventricles

Front 44

How much time is represented on the horizontal axis of the ECG paper by five large boxes?

Back 44

1 second

Front 45

the normal QRS complex does not exceed what time on the horizontal axis?

Back 45

0.12 second

Front 46

what problem is indicated by elevation of the ST segment?

Back 46

Myocardial ischemia

Front 47

what is the heart rate if the RR interval is five large boxes apart?

Back 47

60/min

Front 48

What dysrhythmia is characterized by a sawtooth pattern of waves between normal GRS complexes on the ECG tracing?

Back 48

atrial flutter

Front 49

What dysrhythmia often follows sustained ventricular tachycardia?

Back 49

Ventricular fibrillation

Front 50

which of the following dysrhythmias is associated with the lowest cardiac output?

Back 50

AV block

Front 51

when has full acid-base compensation occurred?

Back 51

when pH is restored to the normal range even though pH remains on the alkaline or acid side of the range

Front 52

what is the interpretation of the following blood gas: pH is 7.36, PaCO2 ia 80 mm Hg, and HCO3 is 44 mEq/L?

Back 52

compensated respiratory acidosis

Front 53

what is the interpretation of the following blood gas: pH is 7.15. PaCO2 is 80mmHg. and HCO3 is 26mEq/L?

Back 53

uncompensated metabolic acidosis

Front 54

renal compensation for respiratory acidosis begins as soon as PaCO2 rises . How long is full compensation expected to occur?

Back 54

several days

Front 55

which of the following is the most common cause of introgenic respiratory alkalosis?

Back 55

aggressive mechanical ventilation

Front 56

what is the interpretation of a blood gas that shows a pH of 7.44, a PaCO2 of 50mm Hg. and an [HCO3] of 15mEq/L?

Back 56

combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis

Front 57

during which part of the cardiac cycle does most coronary perfusion occur?

Back 57

diastole

Front 58

which of the following is the main type of adrenergic receptior in the heart?

Back 58

a

Front 59

which of the following statement is true of the ventricular diastole or filling?

Back 59

approximately 80% fo ventricular filling is passive: the remaining 20% is caused by the atrial kick

Front 60

which of the following terms better describes afterload?

Back 60

the resistance to blood ejection immediately after tricuspid and mitral semilunar valves close

Front 61

what is the averge stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF)?

Back 61

SV:70 mL: EF:60%

Front 62

which of the following statement are true of potassium? hyperkalemia decreases the heart rate,hyperkalemia decreases the stroke volume, hyperkalemia causes heart block, hyperkalemia increases heart conductivity,(1,2,3)(3,4)(1,2,3,4)(2,3)

Back 62

1,2,3,

Front 63

whick of the following causes flaccid paralysis of the heart muscle?

Back 63

Hypokalemia

Front 64

which of the following are properties of the cardiac tissue ?

Back 64

1.2.3.4

Front 65

what is the normal rate of Purkinje fibers?

Back 65

15 to 40 beats/min

Front 66

which of the following conducts SA nodal impulses to the left atrium?

Back 66

Bachmann's bundle

Front 67

Valvular defects in the heart can be detected with a 12-lead ECG.

Back 67

false

Front 68

what is the electrical impulse temporarily delayed at the atrioventricular (AV) node?

Back 68

to allow better filling of the ventricles

Front 69

what is suggested by inverted T waves on the ECG?

Back 69

Myocardial ischemia

Front 70

The ECG you are looking at has one P wave for every QRS complex and the PR interval is 0.30 second. What is your interpretation?

Back 70

first-degree heart block

Front 71

Which of the following criteria applies to third-degree block?

Back 71

there is no relationship between the P waves and the QRS complexes.

Front 72

what is a possible serious complication associated with atrial fibrillation?

Back 72

atrial thrombi

Front 73

which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of a premature ventricular complex (PVC)?

Back 73

Narrow QRS

Front 74

which of the following is the only parameter that the ECG measures?

Back 74

Electrical events

Front 75

which of the following conditions are associated with sinus bradycardia?

Back 75

Airway suctioning