Radiography Ch 24 And 34

Front 1

The involuntary effort to vomit

Back 1

The Gag Reflex

Front 2

What are the 2 precipitating factors of the gag reflex?

Back 2

1. Psychogenic stimuli (originating in the mind) 2. Tactile stimuli ( originating from touch)

Front 3

What are the areas most likely to elicit the gag reflex when stimulated?

Back 3

1. soft palate 2. lateral posterior third of the tongue

Front 4

What happens prior to gag reflex?

Back 4

there is a cessation of respiration and contraction of the muscles in the throat and abdomen

Front 5

What 4 things should the radiographer be aware of when they have a patient with a hypersensitive gag reflex?

Back 5

1. Operator attitude 2. Patient and equipment preparations 3. Exposure sequencing 4. Receptor placement and technique

Front 6

What are the 6 helpful hints suggested in the power point?

Back 6

1. NEVER suggest gagging 2. DO reassure the patient 3. DO suggest deep breathing 4. DO try to distract the patient 5. Do try to reduce tactile stimuli 6. DO use a topical anesthetic

Front 7

Substantial impairment of mental or physical functioning that occurs before the age of 22 and is of indefinite duration

Back 7

Developmental Disabilities

Front 8

What size films should you use on a pediatric patient?

Back 8

Use size 0 films until the child has mixed dentition (then use size 1 or 2)

Front 9

Which technique is preferred for PA's on a pediatric patient?

Back 9

bisecting

Front 10

How many images are there in an FMX of a pediatric patient?

Back 10

12 images (2 BW, 3 max PA's, 3 mand PA's, 4 posterior PA's (1 in each quad instead of 2))

Front 11

What technique is preferred for PA's on an endodontic patient?

Back 11

Parallel technique so there is no distortion of the root

Front 12

If a pano is not available, how many PA's should be taken for an FMX of an edentulous patient?

Back 12

14 PA's (size 2)

Front 13

If the dentist wants occlusal and periapical projections to examine an edentulous patient, how many films should be used?

Back 13

6 films: 1 max topographic occlusal projection (size 4), 1 mand cross-sectional occlusal projection (size 4), and 4 standard molar PA's (size 2)

Front 14

T/F: The area of the oral cavity that is most likely to elicit the gag reflex when stimulated is the anterior third of the tongue

Back 14

FALSE

Front 15

T/F: Breathing takes place simultaneously with the gag reflex

Back 15

FALSE

Front 16

T/F: Psychogentic and tactile stimuli are precipitating factors for the gag reflex.

Back 16

TRUE

Front 17

T/F: A lack of operator confidence may act as a psychogenic stimulus and contribute to the gag reflex.

Back 17

TRUE

Front 18

T/F: The longer the film stays in the mouth, the more likely the patient is to gag.

Back 18

TRUE

Front 19

T/F: Exposure sequence does not play a role in preventing gag reflex.

Back 19

FALSE

Front 20

T/F: Posterior PA's are always exposed before anterior PA's.

Back 20

FALSE

Front 21

T/F: The mand molar PA film is most likely to elicit the gag reflex.

Back 21

FALSE

Front 22

T/F: A film that is dragged along the palatal tissues may stimulate the gag reflex.

Back 22

TRUE

Front 23

T/F: The dental radiographer should always ask the patient, "Are you a gagger?"

Back 23

FALSE

Front 24

T/F: If the patient gags, the dental radiographer should remove the film as quickly as possible and reassure the patient.

Back 24

False - you're getting graded on the sucker…you keep it in there until you get that shot!

Front 25

T/F: If the patient is breathing during film placement and exposure, the gag reflex will not occur

Back 25

TRUE

Front 26

T/F: The patient with a hypersensitive gag reflex should be instructed to inhale during the application of topical anesthetic spray.

Back 26

False

Front 27

T/F: During a root canal procedure, film placement is difficult because of the poor visibility of the tooth.

Back 27

TRUE

Front 28

T/F: The bisecting technique is recommended for the endodontic patient.

Back 28

FALSE

Front 29

This is the part of the bone that lines the tooth socket, is continuous with the alveolar crest, and (in health) appears as a dense radiopaque line.

Back 29

Lamina Dura

Front 30

What is another name for the alveolar crest and where is it located?

Back 30

"interdental septum" located 1.5-2mm apical to CEJ

Front 31

What does the alveolar crest look like in anterior teeth?

Back 31

pointed, sharp and very opaque

Front 32

What does the alveolar crest look like in the posterior teeth?

Back 32

flat, smooth and slightly less dense; it extends parallel to the CEJ's of the adjacent teeth

Front 33

This is a thin, radiolucent line between the root and the lamina dura, and is continuous and of uniform thickness

Back 33

Periodontal ligament space

Front 34

What is triangulation?

Back 34

an early widening of the PDL space at the most coronal portion

Front 35

Under what circumstances do you see a widened PDL space?

Back 35

a widened PDL space is seen with trauma and overuse

Front 36

Under what curcumstances do you see a thinner PDL space?

Back 36

a thinner PDL space is seen when there is insufficient stimulation to the PDL

Front 37

What is often seen on a radiograph as the first sign of periodontitis and bone loss?

Back 37

The alveolar crest appears indistinct and fuzzy

Front 38

The ______ may look fuzzy even if no disease is present.

Back 38

Interdental Septum (Alveolar Crest)

Front 39

What is the radiograph of choice when detecting periodontal disease?

Back 39

PA's

Front 40

How much loss of mineralization must occur before bone loss can be identified on a radiograph?

Back 40

30-50%

Front 41

T/F: Radiographs give a history of past destruction and do not indicate current disease.

Back 41

TRUE

Front 42

A high kVp, long scale and low contrast produces ________ shades of gray and are good for ______

Back 42

many, perio

Front 43

a low kVp, short scale and high contrast provides ______ shades of gray and are good for ______.

Back 43

few, caries

Front 44

How is bone loss calculated?

Back 44

By identifying how much bone remains

Front 45

When identifying bones loss, what is used as the plane of reference to distinguish the pattern?

Back 45

the CEJ

Front 46

Describe the horizontal pattern of bone loss.

Back 46

bone loss occurs, but alveolar crest remains parallel with the CEJ's of adjacent teeth

Front 47

Describe the vertical pattern of bone loss.

Back 47

bone loss doesn't occur in a plane parallel with CEJ's of adjacent teeth. "angular" "infrabony"

Front 48

Localized bone loss is when less than _____ of sites are involved.

Back 48

30%

Front 49

Generalized bone loss is when more than _____ of sites are involved.

Back 49

30%

Front 50

What is the measurement of the CAL?

Back 50

the measurement of the distance in mm from the CEJ to the base of the sulcus or periodontal pocket. Measured as a perceentage of loss.

Front 51

What is "mild bone loss?"

Back 51

Crestal changes (fuzziness): 1-2 mm

Front 52

What is "moderate bone loss?"

Back 52

Bone loss of 10-33%: 3-4mm

Front 53

What is "severe bone loss?"

Back 53

Bone loss of 33% or more: 5mm +

Front 54

How do you calculate the CAL?

Back 54

Recession + pocket depth = CAL

Front 55

What are some examples of predisposing factors?

Back 55

diabetes, cancer/chemo, calculus, overhanging fillings, impacted molars, furcation involvement, open-contacts

Front 56

What is the preferred method of exposure for receptors documenting perio disease?

Back 56

parallel technique

Front 57

The term that describes a group of diseases that affect the tissues found around the teeth.

Back 57

periodontal

Front 58

A term that refers to tissues that invest and support teeth.

Back 58

periodontal