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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what does NCRP stand for
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National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
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What does NCRP do
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advices on matter pertaining to radiatoin protection in the US
*no legal status |
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what does UNSCEAR stand for
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United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation
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Where does UNSCEAR have a say
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internationally
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What does BEIR stand for
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Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
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Where does BEIR have a say
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United States
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what are the 2 committees that summarize and analyze data and suggest risk estimates for radiation induced cancers and genetic effects
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UNSCEAR
BEIR |
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what 2 committees formulate the concepts for use in radiation protection and recommend maximum permissible levels
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ICRP
NCRP |
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what are the 3 enforcement agencies
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EPA
NRC Department of energy |
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what does EPA do
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establishes guidelines for radiation protection
(action level for radon) |
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What does NRC do
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has jurisdiction only in agreement states
(in non-agreement states OSHA is responsible) |
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non threshold effect, probability of effect increases as exposure increases
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stochastic effects
(cancer) |
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threshold effect, low doses below threshold have a 0 probability of causing effect, and above threshold 100% probability
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deterministic effects
(cataracts) |
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average annual dose from naturaly occuring radiation
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3mSv (300mrem)
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what is dose of cosmic ray radiation at sea level
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.26mSv (26mrem)
dose doubles every 2000 meters |
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average radon concentration in the US
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2 mSv (200mrem)
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a measure of the ionization caused by the absorption of xrays in a specified mass of air at the point of interest
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exposure
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what is the traditional unit for exposure
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Roentgen
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what is the SI unit for exposure
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Coulomb/kilogram
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what is the conversion factor from Roentgen to Coulomb/kg
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1 R = 2.581 x 10^-4 C/kg
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what is ALWAYs the interacting medium with electromagnetic radiation
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air
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what is the traditional unit for absorbed dose
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rad
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what is SI unit for absorbed dose
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Gray
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conversion from Gy to rad
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1 Gy = 100 rad
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the amount of biological harm to tissue caused by exposure to ionizing radiation
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equivalent dose
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what 3 things have a quality factor of 1?
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x rays
gamma rays electrons |
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what is the quality factor of x rays
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1
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what is the quality factor of gamma rays
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1
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what is the quality factor of electrons
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1
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what is the quality factor for slow neutrons
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5
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4ASS#4
Scope of search based on consent |
Limited to those areas to which a reasonable person under the circumstances would believe it extends
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what is the quality factor of fast neutrons
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20
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what is the quality factor of alpha particles
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20
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what is traditional unit for equivalent dose
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rem
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what is SI unit for equivalent dose
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Sievert
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what is the weighting factor for the gonads
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.25
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what is the weighting factor for breast
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.15
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what is weighting factor for red bone marrow
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.12
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what is weighting factor for lung, colon, stomach
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.12
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what is weighting factor for bladder, liver, esophagus
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.05
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what is weighting factor for thyroid
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.03
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what is weighting factor of skin
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.01
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what is the tradiational unit for radioactivity
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curie
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what is the SI unit for radioactivity
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becquerel
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conversion from Ci to Bq
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1 Ci= 3.7 x 10^10 Bq
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ion chambers are sensitive/not sensitive to very low levels of radiation?
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not sensitive
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what gas is used in the ion chamber
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air
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what voltage is usually neccessary for ion chamber to work
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100-300 volts
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ion chambers are read in what units
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mR/hour
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when properly calibrated, ion chambers can be as accurate as what %
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2%
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Geiger Muller detectors are sensitive/not sensitive to low levels of radiation
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extremely sensitive
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what is the most common compound used in TLDs
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lithium fluoride
has atomic number similar to tissue |
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what is measurement accuracy of LiF
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5%
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T/F Neutrons will be detected by ion chambers and Geiger Muller detectors
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false- neutrons will not interact with the gases of ion chambers or GM counters
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what gas is used in neutron detectors
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hydrogen
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how often should contamination surveys be done
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weekly
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what is the definition of an uncontrolled area
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area where a person could not be exposed to radiation levels in excess of 2 millirems in 1 hour
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alpha particles should be shielded with
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a sheet of paper
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beta particles should be shielded by
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thin sheet of aluminum
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absorption is independent of
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atomic number at high energies
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half value layer is dependent on
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shielding material
energy of photon |
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what is the primary barrier equation
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P= (WUT/d^2) B
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what does the ICRP do
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advance for the public benefit the science of radiological protection, in particular by providing recommendations and guidance on all aspects of protection against ionizing radiation
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what is the maximum dose a cobalt machine can emit while turned off
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10 mR/hr at 1 meter
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sign must read "caution high radiation area" if levels are over
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1mSv/hr
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sign must read "Grave danger, very high radiation area" if levels are
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about 5 Gy/hr
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brachytherapy procedures are regulated by
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NRC
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