Qc Mod 1

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qualitative analysis

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• non numerical

• answer the question "what"

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quantitative analysis

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• numerical

• answer the question "how much"

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titrand

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• also known as "sample/analyte

• determine the concentration

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titrant

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• known as a "volumetric solution"

• solution of known concentration

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titrand

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acid burette

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desiccator

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maintain dry atmosphere for objects that might be affected by moisture or CO2

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Gravimetric analysis

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the separation, by extraction, precipitation, or other means of the constituent to the determined either in the neutral state or in the form of definite compound the composition of which is known to the analyst and weighing the resulting product.

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Volumetric Analysis

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-also known as titrimetric analysis

- the determination of the volume of a solution of known concentration required to react with the given amount of the substance to be analyzed

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titrimetric analysis

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volumetric analysis also known as?

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instrumental analysis

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uses certain types of instruments and methods

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reagents

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a substance that is used to produce a chemical reaction that allows researchers to detect, measure, produce, or change other substances

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purified grade reagents

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it has no standard distinction of percent pure. Because of the fluctuation in purity, it is not intended for food, drink or pharmaceutical industries a.k.a "pure" or "practical" grade.

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laboratory grade

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it does not have a stringent percentage of purity. Because of its low cost and solid chemical purity, laboratory grade is the most common grade for experimentation in secondary and post secondary science classrooms

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NF grade reagents

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it meets or exceed the specific demands of pharmaceutical standards for chemical and biological drug substances

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reagent grade

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with a purity rating of ≥95%, it may be used in food, beverage, pharmaceutical and medical industries in both analytical applications and laboratory experimentations

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USP grade reagent

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thesis of exceeds standards for pharmaceutical, foods and beverage and is used in top-ranking laboratories worldwide

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ACS grade reagent

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meeting or exceeding American Chemical Society (ACS) purity standards of ≥95%. ACS grade is regularly used with foods and beverages, pharmaceutical and medical industries, and in any instance where high purity is necessitated.

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Gooch crucible

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it has a perforated bottom upon which is bedded a mat of asbestos and is designed for the separation of precipitated by suction

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fritted glass crucible

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they have fused-in sintered or fritted bottoms and are supplied

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constant weight

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the two consecutive weighings do not differ more than 0.5mg/g of substance taken for the determination, the second weighing following an additional hour of drying.

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monograph

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a written document, or standard, that indicates the test, procedures, and or acceptance criteria to be used and the required labelling; helps control the quality of pharmaceutical products, dietary supplements and food ingredients.

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specification

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a list of test, references to analytical procedures and proposed acceptance criteria

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formula specification

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a concise and precise statement of the ingredients that comprise the product with their corresponding percentage and/or weight

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raw material specifications

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enumerate the characteristics of all the materials that go into the product and the permissible range of purity of each ingredients

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packaging materials specifications

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set for everything that goes around the product (e.g, bottles, cans, aluminum foil, cellophane, etc.)

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primary packaging

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direct contact in product

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secondary packaging

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box where the bottle is place

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tertiary packaging

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box where we place the box of bottle (bundles)

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testing method specifications

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must be standardized so that they yield results of comparable precision and accuracy in the hands of different operators and laboratories

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standard operating procedure (SOP) specifications

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must spell out all information and instructions assuring variations in production will be held to within acceptable established ranges

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quality

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refers to the combination of all attributes of characteristics of a product which, when compared to a standard, serves as a basis for measuring the uniformity of the product and determines the degree of acceptability

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quality

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combination of all attributes of characteristics of a product

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quality control

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focuses more in the product

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quality assurance

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focuses more on quality in processing the product

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quality assurance

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responsible for determining that systems, facilities and written procedures are adequate and are followed to assure that the product is controls and will meet all the applicable specifications.

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indeterminate error

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also known as random error, it caused by uncontrollable variables which cannot be detected/eliminated and they manifest by slight variations in a series of observations. Affects the precision of measurements.

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determinate error

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also known as systematic error, affect the accuracy of results. It has definite value or cause and leads to bias in measurement techniques. This error can be predicted and prevented.

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corrections

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proper training and experience, calibration or proper instrumentation maintenance and proper method development by the QA

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Method error

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completeness and speed of reaction, interfering side reactions, sampling problems

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instrument errors

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failure to calibrate degradation of parts in the instrument, power fluctuations, variations in temperature.

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constant error

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independent in sample size

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Variable and attribute defects

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2 defects according to measurements

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variable defects

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weight, height or thickness

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attribute defect

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cannot measure using instruments

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critical defect

major defect

minor defect

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3 defects according to gravity

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critical defect

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it endanger the life of your users

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major defect

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less likely to cause endangerment to users

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ocular defect

internal defect

performance defect

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3 defects according to nature

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ocular defect

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something that can be seen

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internal defect

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cannot be detect easily unless we conduct a test

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bird swings and spikes

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long thin materials in the bottle that would break off into the product

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overpress

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a run extending from the inside edge of the finished product and may be sharp

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filament

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hair-like string inside the bottle

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split

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open crack from the top of the finish extending downward

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check

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shallow small surface crack

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freak

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odd shaped and conditions

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soft blisters

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thin blister in or near the sealing surface

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poor distribution

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uneven thickness of the bottle

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cracks

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partial fracture on the heal area or the shoulders

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pinhole

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an opening that causes the liquid to leak

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chipped finish

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pieces broken out of the top edge

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stone

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small inclusion center portion of the bottom

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mismatch

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1/2 of the finish might sifted

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fin

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seam on the top surface or down the side on the parting line

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out-of-round-finish

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pinched, flattened or oval finish

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titrant

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base burette

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technical grade reagents

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a reagent having the lowest level of purity

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finished product specification

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should cover all characteristics that affect the proper performance, purity, safety and stability of the product

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finished product specification

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should cover all characteristics that affect the proper performance, purity, safety and stability of the product

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personal error

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occur when measurements require judgment of the analyst.

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proportional error

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dependent in sample size

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minor defect

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it is not going to cause endangerment to users but can reconsider usable product

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finished product specification

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should cover all characteristics that affect the proper performance, purity, safety and stability of the product

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bird swing and spike

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long thin materials in the bottle that would break off into the product

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overpress

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a run extending from the inside edge of the finished product and may be sharp

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filament

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hair-like string inside the bottle

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split

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open crack from the top of the finish extending downward

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check

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shallow small surface crack

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freak

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odd shape and conditions

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soft blisters

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thin blister in or near the sealing surface

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poor distribution

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uneven thickness of the bottle

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cracks

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partial fracture on the heal area or shoulders

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pinhole

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an opening that causes the liquid to leak

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chipped finish

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pieces broken out of the top edge

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stone

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small inclusion center portion of the bottom

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mismatch

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½ of the finish might be sifted

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fin

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seam on the top surface or down the side on the parting line

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out-of-round finish

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pinched, flattened, or oval finish

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sunken or dropped shoulder

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not fully blown

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tear

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similar check but opened up

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washboard

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a wavy horizontal line in the body of the bottle

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hard blister

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deeply embedded blister that does not break easily

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dirt

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scaly, granular non-glass material of foreign material

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heel top

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heavy glass on one side of the bottom

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mark

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a brush mar of fine vertical taps

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stuck

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rough spot left after putting apart bottles that touch while still soft and sticky

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long neck

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sketched-out neck resulting from bottles being too hot when picked up

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seeds

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small bubbles in the glass