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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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This is the first step in speechmaking. In public speaking, generally it has leeway in selecting topics. This would appear to be an advantage since it allows you to talk about matters of interest. |
Choosing a Topic |
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WHEN YOU LOOK FOR SPEECH TOPIC, KEEP IN MIND SPECIAL EXPERTISE OR MAY HAVE OR SPORTS, HOBBIES, TRAVEL, AND OTHER PERSONAL EXPERIENCES THAT WOULD MAKE FOR AN INTERESTING PRESENTATION. |
Topics you know a lot about |
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YOU MAY CHOOSE A SUBJECT ABOUT WHICH YOU ALREADY HAVE SOME KNOWLEDGE OR EXPERTISE BUT NOT ENOUGH TO PREPARE A SPEECH WITHOUT DOING ADDITIONAL RESEARCH. |
Topics you want to know more about |
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A METHOD OF GENERATING IDEAS FOR SPEECHES TOPIC BY FREE ASSOCIATION OF WORDS AND IDEAS |
Brainstorming |
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first, make a quick inventory of your expertise, interest, hobbies, skills, beliefs, etc. From this list may come a general subject area out of which you can fashion a specific one. |
Personal Inventory |
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task of dividing the population or data points into a number of groups. In simple words, the aim is to segregate groups with the similar traits and assign them into cluster. |
Clustering |
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browse through an encyclopedia, a periodical database, or some other references work until you come across what might be a good speech topic. |
reference search |
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one of the advantages of using internet in this way is that you can make your search more and more specific until you find just the right subject. |
Internet search |
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YOUR GOAL IS TO CONVEY INFORMATION CLEARLY, ACCURATELY, AND INTERESTINGLY. |
To inform- act as a teacher or instructor |
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primary goal is to win over your listeners to your point of view |
To persuade – act as an advocate |
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A SINGLE INFINITIVE PHRASE THAT STATES PRECISELY WHAT A SPEAKER HOPES TO ACCOMPLISH IN HIS OR HER SPEECH. |
specific purpose |
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Tips for formulating the specific purpose statement |
1. Write the purpose statement as a full infinitive phrase, not as a fragment. 2. Express your purpose as a statement 3. Avoid figurative language in your purpose statement. 4. Limit your purpose to one distinct idea 5. Make sure your specific purpose is not too vague or general |
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QUESTIONS TO ASK ABOUT YOUR SPECIFICPURPOSE |
1. Does my purpose meet the assignment? 2. Can I accomplish my purpose in the time allotted? 3. Is the purpose relevant to my audience? 4. Is the purpose too technical for my audience? |
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A concise statement of what you expect to say |
Creating a Central Idea |
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THIS IS WHAT YOU WANT YOUR AUDIENCE TO REMEMBER AFTER THEY HAVE FORGOTTEN EVERYTHING ELSE IN THE SPEECH. |
residual message |
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Guidelines for the Central Idea |
1. Should be expressed in a full sentence. 2. Should not be in the form of a question. 3. Should avoid figurative language. 4. Should not be vague or overly general. |
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are the starting point for all planning efforts. |
audience analysis |
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audience response to information or persuasion strategies depends on their ____ |
beliefs, attitude, and values. |
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commonly defined as the science of behavior and mental processes |
psychology |
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people are unconsciously self-centered |
people are egocentric |
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the tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, belief and well-being |
egocentrism |
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how to analyze the audience |
who are they? what do they already know? what would they want to know more about? what are their attitude and beliefs? where do they stand on the issues? consider: age, culture, gender, occupation, income, status, religion |
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two steps to take in demographic audience analysis: |
avoid stereotyping in analyzing demographic information avoid discriminating remarks |
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creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, usually assuming that all members of the group are alike |
stereotyping |
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major factors to consider in demographic audience analysis |
age gender sexual orientation racial, ethnic and cultural background religion group membership |
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two major stages in the process of audience adaptation |
audience adaptation before the speech audience adaptation during the speech |
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Audience adaptation before the speech |
assessing how your audience is likely to respond to what you say in your speech adjusting what you say make it clear, appropriate, and convicting as possible |
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audience adaptation during the speech |
audience feedback looking at you with interest frowning or responding with quizzical looks |
