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118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is letter i?
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Scaphoid
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What is letter a?
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Lunate
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What is letter a?
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Lunate
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What is letter c?
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Triquetrum
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What is letter e?
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Pisiform
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What is letter b?
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Trapezium
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What is letter b?
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Trapezium
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What is letter d?
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Trapezoid?
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What is letter f?
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Capitate
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What is letter g?
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Hamate
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What is a normal value for x?
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1 mm
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Where do the majority of tendons/ligaments pass through at the wrist?
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Carpal Arch/Tunnel
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Which ligament forms the top of the carpal tunnel?
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Transverse Carpal Ligament
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What is the shape of the proximal base of the phalanges?
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Flat the concave
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What is the shape of the distal head of the phalanges?
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Convex
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What is the classification of the distal radioulnar joint?
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Synovial Pivot Joint
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Where is the main stability of the triangular fibrocartilage complex?
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Distal Radioulnar joint
Ulnar side of carpus |
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What is the purpose of the triangular fibrocartilage complex?
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Cushioning
Force Transmission on ulna Increase articular surface on ulna for carpus |
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Which structure is commonly overlooked in wrist injuries?
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Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex
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What are the 3 main complex joints at the wrist?
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Radiocarpal
Mid-Carpal Intercarpal |
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How much proximal row surface area is in contact with the radius with low loads?
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20% or less
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What provides soft tissue stability at the radio carpal joint?
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Ligaments
Capsule |
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What type of motion is considered typical of the intercarpal joints?
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Planar
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What is a?
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Radio Collateral Ligament
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What is b?
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Ulnar Collateral Ligament
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What is c?
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Palmar Radio Carpal Ligament
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What is key characteristic of the intrinsic ligaments?
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Can sustain larger loads with more deformation than the extrinsics
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What are normal osteokinematics of the wrist?
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Flexion: 0-90 degrees
Extension: 0-70 degrees Radial Deviation: 0-25 degrees Ulnar Deviation: 0-35 degrees |
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What motion occurs at a?
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Roll
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What motion occurs at b?
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Slide
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What motion occurs at c?
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Roll
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What motion occurs at d?
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Slide
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What motion occurs at e?
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Roll
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What motion occurs at f?
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Slide
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What motion occurs at g?
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Roll
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What motion occurs at h?
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Slide
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What is A?
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Roll
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What is B?
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Slide
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What is A?
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Roll
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What is B?
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Slide
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What is the open pack position of the wrist?
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Neutral flexion/extension
Slight ulnar deviation |
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What is the closed pack position of the wrist?
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Full Extension
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What is the capsular pattern of the wrist?
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Flexion and extension equally limited
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What are the end feels of the wrist?
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Flexion: firm
Extension: firm Ulnar deviation: firm Radial deviation: firm to hard |
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What are the wrist flexors?
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Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Palmaris Longus |
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What are the wrist extensors?
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Extensor Carpi RadialisLongus
Extensor Carpi RadialisBrevis Extensor Carpi Ulnaris |
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Which muscles perform radial deviation?
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Flexor Carpi Radialis
Extensor Carpi Radialis |
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Which muscles perform ulnar deviation?
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Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris |
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During functional motion at the wrist, what is the common pathway?
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Moving from wrist extension/radial deviation to wrist flexion/ulnar deviation
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What are the 3 joints of the thumb?
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CMC
MCP IP |
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What is the joint classification of the thumb?
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Saddle (triaxial)
Synovial |
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What are the osteokinematics of the thumb?
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Flexion/Extension 15 degrees/ 50-80 degrees
Abduction/Adduction: 70/0 degrees |
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What is the joint classification of the 1st MCP joint?
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Condyloid (biaxial)
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What are the osteokinematics of the 1st MCP joint?
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Flexion: 50-60 degrees
Extesnsion: 0-14 degrees |
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What is the joint classification of the 1st IP joint?
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Hinge (uniaxial)
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What are the osteokinematics of the 1st IP joint?
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Flexion: 70-80 degrees
Extension: 20 degrees |
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What motion is A?
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Extension/Flexion
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What motion is B?
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Abduction/Adduction
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What motion is C?
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Medial/Lateral Rotation
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What motion is C?
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Medial/Lateral Rotation
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What motion is D?
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Opposition
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What motion is D?
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Opposition
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What are the two phases of thumb opposition?
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1. Abduction
2. Flexion |
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Given what you know about the shape and motions of the IP joint of the thumb, what would be its arthrokinematics?
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Roll and glide occur in the same direction
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What are the 4 finger joints?
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CMC
MCP PIP DIP |
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What is the joint classification of the CMC joints?
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Gliding
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What is the joint classification of the MCP joints?
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Biaxial
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What is the joint classification of the PIP joints?
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Uniaxial Hinge
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What is the joint classification of the DIP joints?
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Uniaxial Hinge
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What are the osteokinematics of the CMC joints?
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Increased mobility from radial to ulnar side
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What are the osteokinematics of the MCP joints?
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Flexion: 90 degrees
Extension: 20-45 degrees |
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What are the osteokinematics of the PIP joints?
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Flexion/Extension: 90/0 degrees
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What are the osteokinematics of the DIP joints?
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Flexion/Extension: 90/0 degrees
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What are the arthrokinematics of the MCP joints?
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Roll and glide occur in the same direction
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What are the osteokinematics of the MCP joints?
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Flexion: 90 degrees
Extension: 20-45 degrees |
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What are the osteokinematics of the PIP joints?
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Flexion/Extension: 90/0 degrees
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What are the osteokinematics of the DIP joints?
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Flexion/Extension: 90/0 degrees
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What are the arthrokinematics of the MCP joints?
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Roll and glide occur in the same direction
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What are arthrokinematics of the DIP joints?
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Roll and glide occur in the same direction
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What is the function of the palmar aponeurosis?
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Anchor skin during grasp
Protection of underlying structures Create tunnel-stability |
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What is a main purpose of retinaculum and fibrous pulleys?
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Decrease bow stringing
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What does "x" in figure B demonstrate?
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Bowstringing
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What are functions of synovial sheaths?
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Important for protecting tendons
Reduce friction |
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What is "no mans land"
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Area on the tips of the fingers with poor circulation that are not covered by synovial sheaths. Nutrition through diffusion to tendons.
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What deformity is this?
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Boutonniere
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What deformity is this?
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Swan Neck
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What are A, B, and C in the figure?
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A: Longitudinal Arch
B: Distal Carpal Arch C: Proximal Carpal Arch |
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What are the flexor muscles of the hand?
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Flexor digitorum suferficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicus longus |
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What are the extensor muscles of the hand?
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Extensor Digit.
Ext. poll. Longus Ext. poll. Brevis Extensor indicis Abductor poll |
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What are the muscles of the thenar eminence?
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Abductor P. Brevis
Flexor P. Brevis Opponens Pollicis Adductor pollicis |
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What are the muscles of the hyothenar eminence?
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Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi |
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What are the generic intrinsics of the hand?
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Dorsal interossei
Palmar interossei Lumbricals |
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Tightness of the flexor digitorum superficialis could potentially result in what deformity?
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Claw Hand
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What nerve innervates the flexor digitorum superficialis?
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Median
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How strong in the flexor digitorum profundus compared to the superficialis?
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50% stronger
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What nerve innervates the flexor digitorum profundus?
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Median and Ulnar
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What would tightness of the flexor digitorum profundus result in?
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Decreaces extension
Potential for claw hand deformity |
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What nerve innervates the wrist extensors?
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Radial
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If there is tightness in the finger extensors, why might we see flexion at the IP joints?
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Because the way the extensor hood works.
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What deformity is associated with tightness of the flexor pollicis longus?
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Ape hand
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Which action will be limited with a weak abductor pollicis?
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Weak pinch
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Besides thumb extension, what motion does the extensor pollicis longus perform?
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Adduction of thumb
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Which hand intrinsics abduct the fingers?
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Dorsal Interossei
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Which hand intrinsics adduct the fingers?
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Palmar interossei
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Which muscle flexes the MCP joints and extends the PIP and DIP?
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Lumbricals
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What is this position referred to as?
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Intrinsic plus
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Why must finger extensors and flexors be working at the same time?
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Typing on a computer
Buttoning a shirt Playing piano |
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What phases are a,b, and c?
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a. early
b. middle c. late |
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What phases are a,b, and c?
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a. early
b. middle c. late |
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When closing the hand, which motion at the fingers occurs first?
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DIP flexion
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What is this known as?
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Tenodesis
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What is this known as?
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Tenodesis
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What deformity is this?
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Claw Hand
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What deformity is this?
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Drop Wrist
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What deformity is this?
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Ape Thumb
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What nerve is damaged with claw hand?
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Ulnar
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What nerve is damaged with ape thumb?
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Median
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What nerve is damaged with drop wrist?
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Radia
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