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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who practices psychotherapy?
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Clinical Psychologist Psychiatrist Counseling Psychologist School Psychologist Clinical Social Worker Mental Health Counselor Psychiatric Nurse Pastoral Counselor |
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Types of psychotherapy
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Psychoanalysis Humanistic Therapies Behavior Therapies Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies Group Therapies |
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Psychoanalysis
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Emotional problems caused by repressed memories, motives, and conflict related to adverse childhood experiences Key figure= Sigmund Freud |
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Goal of psychoanalysis
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reduced internal conflicts; gain insight into unconscious causes of symptoms
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Psychoanalytic Techniques
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Free Association Dream Analysis - Latent content - Manifest content Analysis of Transference |
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Free Association
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saying whatever comes to mind
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Dream Analysis
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Dreams are the royal road to the unconscious - Manifest Content= obvious, visible meaning - Latent Content= hidden, symbolic meaning |
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Analysis of transference
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transfer feelings about important people in life to therapist
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Humanistic Therapies
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helping people gain insight into their thoughts, emotions, and behavior Key figures= Carl Rogers, Fritz Perls |
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2 types of humanistic therapies
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Client-centered therapy Existential therapy |
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Client-centered therapy
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non-directive therapy based on insights from conscious thoughts and feelings Effective client-centered therapist: - unconditional positive regard - Empathy - Authenticity - Therapist reflects the client's thoughts and feelings (but does not interpret them) |
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Existential Therapy
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Insight therapy focusing on the problems of existence such as meaning, choice, and responsibility Emphasizes free will and the power of choice |
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Behavior Therapies
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Using learning principles to make constructive changes in behavior Learning principles= classical conditioning, operant conditioning, modeling Insight is unnecessary to change a behavior |
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Classical conditioning therapies (Behavioral Therapy)
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Aversion Therapy Desensitization Vicarious Desensitization Virtual Reality Exposure |
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Aversion Therapy
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individual learns to associate a strong aversion to an undesirable habit Ex: rapid smoking, electric shocks while drinking |
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Desensitization
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moving up the hierarchy of fears while inducing relaxation
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Vicarious Desensitization
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observe models performing the feared behavior
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Virtual Reality Exposure
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presents feared stimuli in a controlled fashion
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Operant conditioning therapies (Behavioral Therapy)
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Nonreinforcement and Extinction Reinforcement and Token Economies |
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Nonreinforcement and Extinction
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Identifying and removing the reward that is maintaining a behavior
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Reinforcement and Token Economies
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use tokens to immediately reward positive behaviors, which are exchanged for privileges, candy, etc.
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Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies
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Attempt to replace irrational cognitions and maladaptive behaviors with more rational cognitions and adaptive behaviors Focus on the present Key figures= Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck |
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Types of Cognitive-Behavioral therapy
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Rational- Emotive Behavior Therapy Cognitive Therapy for Depression |
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Rational- Emotional Behavioral Therapy
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Attempt to change irrational beliefs that cause emotional problems
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Cognitive Therapy for Depression
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Identifying and modifying distorted negative core beliefs Steps: - recognize thoughts that lead to depression - gather information to test their beliefs |
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Group Therapies
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Group Therapy Self-help Therapy Family Therapy |
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Group therapy
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mental health professional counsels multiple people at once
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Self-help groups
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peers with similar problems, often no mental health professional
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family therapies
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focus on interactions between family members
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Advantages of group therapy
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support costs less deals with multiple people |
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Disadvantages of group therapy
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people could believe that another person's problems are worse than their own
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Is psychotherapy effective? |
80% of the treated people have better outcomes than the average untreated person Overall, the different techniques are equally effective - However some therapies work better for certain diagnoses than others Empirically supported treatments=backed by research data |
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Resilience |
the process of, capacity for, or outcome of successful adaptation despite challenging or threatening circumstances
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Circumstances of resilience (threatening situations)
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poverty, divorce, maltreatment/ abuse
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Factors related to resilience
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overcoming the odds despite high-risk status, sustained competence under stress, recovery from trauma
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