Psychology Perception

Front 1

sensation definition

Back 1

information we receive from the world around us from our sensory organs

Front 2

perception definition

Back 2

how we organise, interpret, and make sense of the sensory information we receive

Front 3

what are the two types of depth cue?

Back 3

monocular and binocular

Front 4

monocular depth cue definition

Back 4

ways of perceiving distance that only need one eye to work successfully

Front 5

binocular depth cue definition

Back 5

ways of perceiving distance that need two eyes to work

Front 6

examples of monocular depth cues

Back 6

height in plane, occlusion, relative size, linear perspective, and motion parallax

Front 7

height in plane

Back 7

when an object that's further away is higher in your visual field

Front 8

occulsion

Back 8

when a closer object appears to cover objects that are further away

Front 9

relative size

Back 9

the larger the object in the visual field, the closer it is

Front 10

linear perspective

Back 10

when two parallel lines converge at the horizon

Front 11

motion parallax

Back 11

close objects appear to move faster than further objects

Front 12

examples of binocular depth cues

Back 12

retinal disparity and convergence

Front 13

retinal disparity

Back 13

the difference between the sensory information received in each eye. the closer the object, the larger the difference

Front 14

convergence

Back 14

how hard the eye muscles have to work. the closer the object, the harder they have to work

Front 15

is gibson nature or nurture?

Back 15

nature

Front 16

is gregory nature or nurture?

Back 16

nurture

Front 17

outline gibson's direct theory of perception (key theory)

Back 17

perception = sensation, perception happens directly. we don't need past experiences or experience to fill in the gaps. our ability to perceive is innate, nature rather than nurture.

Front 18

is gisbon's theory bottom-up or top-down?

Back 18

bottom-up

Front 19

outline gregory's constructivist theory of perception

Back 19

we use past experience to help us perceive the world. world = ambiguous, brain makes an educated guess. visual cues help us interpret out surroundings, can be misinterpreted (e.g: visual illusions). culture influences perception

Front 20

is gregory's theory top-down or bottom-up?

Back 20

top-down

Front 21

evaluate gibson's direct theory of perception

Back 21

advantage: supported by gibson and walk's experiment where babies showed innate perception

disadvantage: doesn't explain visual illusions

Front 22

evaluate gregory's theory of constructivist perception

Back 22

strength: hudson found cultural differences in perception between black south-africans and white europeans

weakness: can't explain how we have some innate perceptual abilities (gibson and walk)

Front 23

examples of visual illusions

Back 23

ponzo illusion, ames room, muller-lyer, rubin's vase, necker cube, and kanizsa triangle

Front 24

what kind of illusion is the ames room

Back 24

misinterpreted visual cue

Front 25

what kind of illusion is the ponzo illusion

Back 25

misinterpreted depth cue

Front 26

what kind of illusion is muller-lyer?

Back 26

misinterpreted depth cue

Front 27

what kind of illusion is rubin's vase?

Back 27

ambiguous figure

Front 28

what kind of illusion is necker cube?

Back 28

ambiguous figure

Front 29

what kind of illusion is kanizsa triangle?

Back 29

fiction

Front 30

what are the factors affecting perception?

Back 30

culture, motivation, prior expectations, and emotion

Front 31

culture affecting perception study (not named on spec)

Back 31

native black south africans (schooled and unschooled) and european children (schooled and unschooled) were shown a photo of a hunter, antelope, and elephant. they were asked what animal the hunter was throwing his spear at. schoolkids were more likely, and white schoolkids most likely. this is because of race inequality and school = more 2d drawings. supports gregory

Front 32

emotions affecting perception study (not named on spec)

Back 32

18 words (11 offensive 7 neutral) were shown on a screen. participants' emotions were measured using GSR and recognition time was measured. participants took longer to recognise 'taboo' words- brain blocks out recognition of taboo words.

Front 33

motivation affecting perceptual set (not named on spec)

Back 33

gilchrist and nesberg. participants went without food for 20 hours + control group. were shown four photos of food. photos disappeared, then reappeared but dimmer. pps were asked to readjust the brightness. participants who went without food adjusted it brighter than it originally was. hunger = motivating factor.

Front 34

expectation affecting perceptual set (not named on spec)

Back 34

pps shown an ambiguous figure surrounded by letters or numbers. surrounded by numbers = seen as a number, surrounded by letters = seen as a letter. therefore expectation does affect perception.