Psychology: Perception

Front 1

perception

Back 1

experiences resulting from stimulation of the senses

Front 2

inverse projection problem

Back 2

the task of determining the object responsible for a particular image on the retina

Front 3

viewpoint invariance

Back 3

the ability to recognize an object seen from different viewpoints

Front 4

bottom-up processing

Back 4

processing by perceiving what is out there

Front 5

top-down processing

Back 5

processing that originates in the brain

Front 6

speech segmentation

Back 6

ability to tell when one word ends and the next one begins

Front 7

direct pathway model

Back 7

pain occurs when receptors in the skin called nociceptors are stimulated and send their signals in a direct pathway from the skin to the bain

Front 8

placebo effect

Back 8

when something has an effect on you because you believe in it

Front 9

likelihood principle

Back 9

we perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the pattern of stimuli we have received

Front 10

unconscious inference

Back 10

our perceptions are the result of unconscious assumptions that we make about the environment

Front 11

Gestalt psychologists

Back 11

the whole is more than the sum of its parts

Front 12

principles of perceptual organization

Back 12

elements are grouped together to create larger objects

Front 13

principle of good continuation

Back 13

points that, when connected, result in straight or smoothly curving lines are seen as belonging together, and the lines tend to be seen in such a way as to follow the smoothest path

Front 14

law of Pragnanz/principle of good figure/principle of simplicity

Back 14

the perceptual field and objects within it will take on the simplest and most encompassing structure permitted by the given conditions

Front 15

principle of similarity

Back 15

similar things appear to be grouped together

Front 16

regularities in the environment

Back 16

characteristics in the environment that occur frequently

Front 17

physical regularities

Back 17

regularly occurring physical properties of the environment

Front 18

oblique effect

Back 18

people can perceive horizontals and verticals more easily than other orientations

Front 19

light-from-above assumption

Back 19

we usually assume that light is coming from above

Front 20

semantic regularities

Back 20

characteristics associated with the functions carried out in different types of scenes

Front 21

scene schema

Back 21

the knowledge of what a given scene typically contains

Front 22

theory of natural selection

Back 22

Darwin

Front 23

experience-dependent plasticity

Back 23

the mechanism through which the structure of the brain is changed by experience

Front 24

brain lesioning

Back 24

removing part of the brain

Front 25

object discrimination problem

Back 25

discriminating an object

Front 26

landmark discrimination problem

Back 26

discriminating the place of an object

Front 27

what pathway

Back 27

pathway leading from the striate cortex to the temporal lobe

Front 28

where pathway

Back 28

pathway leading from the striate cortex to the parietal lobe

Front 29

visual agnosia

Back 29

not being able to recognize everyday objects

Front 30

perception pathway

Back 30

pathway from the visual cortex to the temporal lobe (what pathway)

Front 31

action pathway

Back 31

pathway from the visual cortex to the parietal lobe (where pathway)

Front 32

Ebbinghaus illusion

Back 32

illusion in which one circle looks smaller than the other