Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Name 4 parts of the eye and their function. |
Cornea-transparent layer covering eye Iris-regulates the amount of light entering the eye by opening and closing the pupil Pupil-hole where light enters the eye Lens-helps the eye focus on things far away or up close |
|
|
What is the Thalamus? |
Where the brain processes all senses EXCEPT smell |
|
|
What is the Reticular formation? |
Where the brain controls sleep and alertness |
|
|
What happens when the Reticular is damaged? |
Could lead to coma |
|
|
What does the Cerebellum do? |
Controls emotions as well as voluntary actions |
|
|
What happens when the Cerebellum is damaged? |
Lead to slurred speech, loss of balance, tremors. Can be temporary impaired by drinking.
|
|
|
What does the Limbic System consist of? |
Amygdala-Emotional memory Hippocampus-long term memory Hypothalamus-hunger, thirst, sex drive Pituitary Gland-controls growth and development |
|
|
4 Lobes of the Brain are... |
Temporal- Hearing and Speech Occipital-Interpreting visual information Frontal-working/short term memory and emotional impulses Parietal-Speech and Movement |
|
|
Sympathetic Nervous System |
"fight or flight" Controls body in situation of distress and gets body ready to fight in danger |
|
|
Parasympathetic Nervous System |
Calms the body down to restore and save energy |
|
|
Homeostasis |
Body is stable, not stressed |
|
|
Failures to reach homeostasis are... |
Mild acute stress response-frustration Traumatic Response-most sympathetic activity, after response one cannot return to homeostasis Chronic response-can not calm down after a very long stressful period of time Ex: PTSD |
|
|
What is Classic Conditioning? |
A conditioned response is paired with a stimulus. |
|
|
Operant Conditioning |
Stimulus dictates the response. Ex: Please and Thank you |
|
|
Counter Conditioning |
Replacing a unwanted response with another. |
|
|
Right Brain Qualities |
-Concept -Response=unexpected -Scans for new stimuli -Very easily distracted -Notices small differences |
|
|
Left Brain Qualities |
-Routine behavior -Focused attention -Sustained attention -Notices large difference "big picture" |
|
|
Central Nervous System |
-Brain and Spinal Cord -Voluntary |
|
|
Peripheral Nervous System |
-Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Responses -Sensations -Automatic functions |
|
|
Parts of a Neuron |
Cell Body-brain Dendrites-receive info Axon-sends info (branches) Myelin Sheath-protective layer on axon |
|
|
What is Action Potential?* |
Signals that are sent through nerve cells to muscle cells. |
|
|
All or none response is |
-The strength of the response does not equal the strength of the stimulus -The body will completely react or not at all |
|
|
What controls hormones and what do they do? |
-Controlled by Neurotransmitters -Hormones control how we feel |
|
|
Neurotransmitters |
Control hormone by adjusting to indication |
|
|
What does MRI stand for and what does it do? |
-Magnetic Resonance Imaging -Allows us see what parts of the brain respond |
|
|
Selective Attention |
-The capacity for processing and reacting to certain stimuli -Ex: texting and driving |
|
|
What does the Medulla do? |
-Controls breathing and heartbeat |
|
|
Plasticity |
The ability for nerve cells to change |
|
|
Glial Cells |
-Non-neural cells that maintain homeostasis |
|
|
Synapse |
-Permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal |
|
|
Rods and Cones |
-Photo receptor cells - Sensitive to green, red and blue |
|
|
Al-Haytham |
-First to discover that the eye takes in light |
|
|
Saccades |
-Wobbling the eye does when it moves |
|
|
Who was Little Albert |
-Child who developed a fear of rabbits through classic conditioning |
|
|
Law of Effect |
-Behavior that follow a reward are "stamped in" and repeated |
|
|
Positive Reienforcement |
-Using a positive stimuli to increase the frequency of a behavior |
|
|
Negative Reinforcement |
-Using unpleasant stimuli to decrease the frequency of a behavior |
|
|
Garcia Effect |
-Organisms exhibits some form of preparedness to respond to survival |
|
|
Primary Reienforcer |
-Something that brings pleasure |
|
|
Secondary Reienforcer |
-Something we have learned to associate with a primary reienforcer |
|
|
Immediate Reinforcement |
-Receiving praise or feedback right away -This can lead to addictions |
|
|
Delayed Reienforcement |
-Receiving praise or feedback after a passing of time -High expectations on learner |
|
|
Reinforcement Ratio |
-After every (x) receive a reward -Ex: Buy 10 coffees and get one free |
|
|
Reinforcement Interval |
-Certain occasions a reward is given -Ex: Happy Hour |
|
|
Why is gambling so addictive? |
-Losing can still significantly increase the desire to keep playing -"string of loses can lead to a win!" |
|
|
Pavlov Experiment |
-Hearing a tuning fork will make a dog drool through Classic Conditioning -Neutral Stimulus-no response -Unconditioned Response-dog already drools when there is food near him -Conditioned Response-dog drools when he hears the tuning fork |
|
|
Extinction |
-Disappearance of a previous learned behavior |
|
|
Spontaneous Recovery |
-Re-emergence of a previously conditioned response after a delay |
|
|
Discrimination |
-Learned to respond to only the original stimuli |
|
|
Generalization |
-Responds the same way to a new stimulus |
|
|
Stereotype |
-Over-generalizations based on the over use of a few observations |
|
|
Bias |
-Irrelevant piece of information over judgments -Framing-"when used correctly condoms are 98% reliable"-Positive -"when used correctly condoms are 2% unreliable"-negative |
|
|
Confirmation Bias |
-Pays attention to things that support the bias |
|
|
Heuristics |
-"rules of thumb" -Perception vs. Reality |
|
|
Baruch Spinoza |
-'Why beliefs stay?" -Moral Judgment -Based on benefits for the individual |
|
|
Observational Learning |
-Watching and imitating others |
|
|
Bobo Doll Experiment |
-Little kids beat up a doll because adults did the same thing |
|
|
Cognition vs. Perception |
Cognition-Behavior and applying knowledge Perception-Physical surroundings and understanding the environment |
|
|
Selective Visual Attention |
-"spot light effect" -Only see what is in front of you |
|
|
Selective Auditory Attention |
-Hearing key words -Ex: Hearing your name in a crowd |
|
|
Change Blindness |
-Missing slight changes |
|
|
Rehearal |
-Repeating something in order to remember it better |
|
|
Positivism |
-Empirical data+verification of hypothesis are the most reliable sources of knowledge |
|
|
Empirical |
-Obversable |
|
|
Verification |
-When a hypothesis is supported by evidence but it does not constitute proof |
|
|
Generalization |
A conditioned response starts occurring in response to the presentation of other, similar stimuli, not just the conditioned stimulus Ex: a dog sits when he hears the word hit because sit and hit sound the same |
|
|
Heterogeneity |
Lots of variation between background and condition |
|
|
Statistical Control |
A variable that is controlled |
|
|
Field Research |
Real world setting |
|
|
Internal Validity |
The quality in which the experiment is done |
|
|
External Validity |
The extent in which the experiment can be used to generalize with other people and situations |
|
|
Extraneous Validity |
How well the experiment did with controlling extraneous variables |
|
|
Cross sectional study |
The data is collected at a specific point in time from either the population or a set group that have one difference about them |
|
|
Correlation Study |
Two qualitative variables are observed from a group of people |
|
|
Cognitive Psy |
Mind and mental function |
|
|
Developmental Psy |
How and why human develop over a period of time |
|
|
Forensic Psy |
Professional psychology used in the law |
|
|
Health Psy |
Behavior and psycological processes in healthcare and illness |
|
|
Industrial-Organizational Psyhcology |
Study of psychology in the work place |
|
|
Neuropsychology |
Study of behavior, emotion and cognition as well as brain function |
|
|
Psychometric Psy |
Study of measuring knowledge, attitudes, and personality traits |
|
|
Rehabilitative Psy |
Study of helping individuals deal with illness or injury |
|
|
School Psy |
Applies the principal of education |
|
|
Social Psy |
Social interactions and how they develop |
|
|
Sport Psy |
using psychological skills the help the performance of athletes |
|
|
Clinical Psy |
Treatment of Mental illness and disability |
|
|
Positive Punishment |
Presenting a negative consequence after an unwanted behavior to reduce the frequency of it |
|
|
Negative Punishment |
A certain desired stimulus is removed to lessen an unwanted behavior Ex: if a kid likes gym but is not doing well in math, then no more gym |
