Psychology Chapter 3

Front 1

Compared to people with average taste sensitivity, people who are "supertasters" have;

Back 1

a very dense network of taste buds

Front 2

The taste receptors are called

Back 2

taste cells

Front 3

How are the nerve fibers that carry pain signals different from those that carry signals for warmth, cold, and touch?

Back 3

The pain nerve fibers are thinner and slower

Front 4

Which of the following is true about pheromones?

Back 4

The role of pheromones in human sexual behavior remains unclear

Front 5

Receptors for which of the following are located deepest in the skin?

Back 5

Pressure

Front 6

Olfaction refers to the sense of;

Back 6

Smell

Front 7

What is kinesthesis?

Back 7

The sense that lets you know where your body parts are

Front 8

Receptor cells for which sense regenerate within a week to ten days?

Back 8

Taste

Front 9

Which of the following are the chemical senses?

Back 9

Taste and smell

Front 10

In studies cited in the text, when women were exposed to male sweat, what were the findings?

Back 10

Some felt relaxed; others became sexually aroused

Front 11

Which of your senses takes in information from the movement of fluid in the semicircular canals?

Back 11

Vestibular

Front 12

Which of the following is true about acupuncture?

Back 12

It appears to be no more effective than fake acupuncture, in which needles are inserted superficially in random places in the body.

Front 13

Which of the following statements is true about the skin senses?

Back 13

Sensory information is transmitted from the spinal cord to the somatosensory cortex

Front 14

Renee is smelling a rose. Its odor's chemical molecules lock into the odor receptors in Renee's nose. The resulting neural impulses then follow which path?

Back 14

Olfactory nerve to olfactory bulb to olfactory cortex in the temporal lobe

Front 15

Charlene is fastening the clasp of her necklace at the back of her neck. She is aware of exactly where her fingers are without seeing them because of which sense?

Back 15

Kinesthesis

Front 16

Regarding the sense of taste, which of the following statements is true?

Back 16

The receptors for taste are located mostly on the tongue

Front 17

Compared to pain fibers, fibers that carry signals about temperature and touch are

Back 17

thicker and faster

Front 18

Approximately what percent of people are "supertasters"?

Back 18

25%

Front 19

In response to pain, the brain signals the release of

Back 19

endorphins

Front 20

Which of the following is(are) responsible for carrying impulses from the odor receptors in the nose to the brain?

Back 20

Olfactory nerve

Front 21

Which of the following statements is true about olfaction?

Back 21

Smell is the only sense in which sensory information does not go through the thalamus on its way to the cerebral cortex

Front 22

Austin experiences motion sickness. From which two senses has Austin received conflicting information?

Back 22

Vestibular and visual

Front 23

Sensations of hotness result from;

Back 23

simultaneous stimulation of warm and cold receptors

Front 24

Various species emit chemical substances that play important roles in many behaviors. These substances are called;

Back 24

pheromones

Front 25

Which sense monitors the position of your body in space and helps maintain balance?

Back 25

Vestibular

Front 26

Which sense has connections with several structures in the limbic system and is especially effective at stimulating emotional memories?

Back 26

Smell

Front 27

The frequency of sound waves determines their perceived loudness

Back 27

Humans hear by sensing sound waves that result from changes in the pressure of air or water

Front 28

Kim wrote a term paper about the sense of hearing. She might have titled her paper;

Back 28

All About Audition

Front 29

Humans can hear frequencies between;

Back 29

20 and 20,000 cycles per second

Front 30

Rebecca tells Tom that he is singing "off pitch." Rebecca is referring to which physical property of sound?

Back 30

frequency

Front 31

Which physical property of a sound wave is represented by its height?

Back 31

amplitude

Front 32

Dr. Rhoden conducts animal experiments on visual perception. Rhoden wants to stop the animal's pupil from changing size, so he paralyzes the;

Back 32

iris

Front 33

Regarding the theories of color vision, which of the following is true?

Back 33

Most authorities today suggest that color vision includes elements of both trichromatic and opponent-process theories

Front 34

People who see only in black and white are called;

Back 34

monochromats

Front 35

Which of the following is true of cones?

Back 35

They provide detailed vision

Front 36

The part of the eye that changes shape to adjust for an object's distance is the;

Back 36

lens

Front 37

What is true about the blind spot?

Back 37

It's the part of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye

Front 38

The ratio of rods to cones is approximately;

Back 38

20 to 1

Front 39

In vision, the sensory receptors are called;

Back 39

rods and cones

Front 40

In color vision, blue-violet cones are most sensitive to ________ wavelengths, red cones to ________ wavelengths, and green cones to ________ wavelengths.

Back 40

short; long; middle

Front 41

Regarding colorblindness, which of the following statements is true?

Back 41

About one in every forty thousand people is completely colorblind

Front 42

Only rods allow us to see;

Back 42

in dim light

Front 43

The nerve cells in the back of the eye that transmit neural impulses in response to chemical changes in the rods and cones are;

Back 43

ganglion cells

Front 44

Which of the following describes the pupil?

Back 44

An opening through which light enters the eye

Front 45

Who won the Nobel Prize for discovering that the visual cortex contains nerve cells that respond only when an animal is shown a line with a particular orientation?

Back 45

David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel

Front 46

The optic nerve is made up of the ________ of the ________ cells

Back 46

axons; ganglion

Front 47

Alice has the job of lighting director for the school play. She wants the Cowardly Lion to be bathed in yellow light. In front of her is a console with three buttons: red, blue, and green. Which ones would give her yellow light?

Back 47

Red and green

Front 48

The muscle that regulates the amount of light entering the eye is the

Back 48

iris

Front 49

For the sharpest vision, the image of an object should be focused on the;

Back 49

fovea

Front 50

The role of feature detectors is to;

Back 50

respond to very simple stimuli such as a horizontal line

Front 51

When you scratch your eye, the part that is actually scratched is the;

Back 51

cornea

Front 52

Negative afterimages provide support for which theory of color vision?

Back 52

Opponent-process theory

Front 53

Since they can see only during the daylight, some birds must return to roost as darkness approaches. This is because their eyes contain;

Back 53

cones, but no rods

Front 54

An object that reflects primarily long-wavelength light would most stimulate which category of cone?

Back 54

red

Front 55

Neurons that respond to specific characteristics of the visual stimulus are called;

Back 55

feature detectors

Front 56

To see a dimly lit object at night, the image must fall on your;

Back 56

rods

Front 57

Red, green, and blue-violet light can be combined to create any color of the spectrum. This has been interpreted as supporting;

Back 57

trichromatic theory of color vision

Front 58

The photoreceptors, or sensory cells, of the human eye are located in the;

Back 58

retina

Front 59

Visible light consists of wavelengths of approximately;

Back 59

300-750 nanometers

Front 60

Which color of the spectrum has the shortest wavelength?

Back 60

Violet

Front 61

Trichromatic theory suggests that;

Back 61

the retina has three types of color receptors—red, green, and blue-violet

Front 62

Dr. Rhoden conducts animal experiments on visual perception. Rhoden wants to stop the animal's pupil from changing size, so he paralyzes the

Back 62

iris

Front 63

The optic nerve transmits information to the visual cortex in the brain via the;

Back 63

thalamus

Front 64

Roger was studying psychology in his quiet bedroom when there was a loud "pop" in the apartment next door. Later, when the police asked him whether he heard a gunshot, he said, "No, I guess I was concentrating too hard on my studies." According to Roger, the fact that he did not detect the signal is due mostly to;

Back 64

psychological factors

Front 65

The idea that the threshold for sensing a stimulus depends not only on the properties of the stimulus itself but also on the level of background stimulation is explained by;

Back 65

signal-detection theory

Front 66

If you are expecting a telephone call, you may be more likely to notice the telephone ringing while you are in the shower than if you were not expecting a call. This example is an illustration of;

Back 66

signal-detection theory

Front 67

Dr. Dawson's research program is concerned with how a person's experience changes as the intensity of a sound is increased. Dr. Dawson is studying;

Back 67

psychophysics

Front 68

Which German scientist is credited with initiating the scientific approach to psychology with his book Elements of Psychophysics?

Back 68

Gustav Fechner

Front 69

The absolute threshold for vision involves being able to see the flame of a candle flickering on a dark, clear night from a distance of about;

Back 69

30 miles

Front 70

When the house was quiet, Rhonda, lying in bed, was able to hear the babysitter's watch ticking in the living room, from a distance of 15 feet away, about 50 percent of the time. But when the babysitter moved from the chair to the couch, another foot away, Rhonda was no longer able to hear the watch. The fact that Rhonda can hear the detect the ticking of the watch from that distance signals a(n);

Back 70

absolute threshold

Front 71

The smallest amount of a stimulus that a person can reliably detect is called the

Back 71

absolute threshold

Front 72

A recipe requires 10 grams of salt. Since Weber's constant for saltiness is 1/5, how much more salt must a chef add to make the recipe noticeably saltier?

Back 72

2 grams

Front 73

The ability to feel the wing of a bee falling on one's cheek from about 1 centimeter away is a(n);

Back 73

absolute threshold for touch

Front 74

Which of the following is a test for an absolute threshold for taste?

Back 74

Detecting one teaspoon of sugar dissolved in two gallons of water

Front 75

"Make the TV louder," said Paula. "I did," said Jack, pointing at the remote. "Doesn't sound louder to me," said Paula. "Does to me," said Jack. Jack is failing to consider the discrepancy between his ______ and Paula's.

Back 75

difference threshold

Front 76

With reference to Weber's constants, people are LEAST sensitive to changes in which of the following?

Back 76

saltiness of food

Front 77

The study of how physical sources of stimulation are related to our experience of these stimuli is termed

Back 77

psychophysics

Front 78

The process by which we receive, transform, and process stimuli is;

Back 78

sensation

Front 79

Other factors being equal, which sensory stimulus is LEAST likely to lead to sensory adaptation?

Back 79

The wail of a loud car alarm

Front 80

Which of the following is a psychological factor that influences a person's threshold for determining a visual signal?

Back 80

Her level of motivation

Front 81

Weber's constant for the volume of sound is 1/10. A car alarm is sounding off at 60 decibels. After 5 minutes, it is programmed to get louder. How loud does it have to be for people to perceive it as louder?

Back 81

At least 66 decibels

Front 82

Which technique has proved particularly effective in treating migraine headaches?

Back 82

Thermal biofeedback

Front 83

Perceptual set suggests which of the following results when participants are shown the ambiguous picture?

Back 83

Group 1 will report seeing a rat, and group 2 will report seeing a man

Front 84

Which of the following is a monocular cue for depth perception?

Back 84

Linear perspective

Front 85

Which term best captures the meaning of Gestalt?

Back 85

Whole

Front 86

The tendency to perceive properties of an object as remaining the same despite changes in its retinal image is called;

Back 86

perceptual constancy

Front 87

When you are presented with the following visual information, "A," your brain sees a series of lines and angles in a particular format and interprets this visual information as the letter A. This is an example of which concept from perception?

Back 87

Bottom-up processing

Front 88

Depth cues that require the use of both eyes are called;

Back 88

binocular cues

Front 89

Who conducted a classic study demonstrating perceptual set?

Back 89

Bruner and Minturn

Front 90

A magician makes it appear that a scarf moves by itself from around his neck to the neck of a woman in the audience. The people in the audience who think that the magician has the ability to move things without touching them believe in;

Back 90

Psychokinesis

Front 91

Which of the following is the best definition of clairvoyance?

Back 91

The perception of events not available to the senses

Front 92

The study of events that cannot be explained by known psychological, physical, or biological mechanisms is referred to as;

Back 92

parapsychology

Front 93

Just this morning, Brad studied the gate-control theory of pain in psychology class. Therefore, after tripping and scraping his knee on the way back to the dorm, he tried to apply the theory by;

Back 93

lightly rubbing the injured area

Front 94

Grouping disconnected pieces of information into a meaningful whole describes the Gestalt principle of;

Back 94

closure

Front 95

Which of the following infants is demonstrating habituation?

Back 95

Robin

Front 96

Electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback is to thermal biofeedback as ________ is to ________.

Back 96

muscle tension; temperature

Front 97

Muscular tension caused by your eyes turning inward provides the depth cue of;

Back 97

convergence

Front 98

The process by which the brain interprets stimuli and turns them into meaningful representations of the external world is;

Back 98

perception

Front 99

What is the process of focused attention that induces a relaxed mental and physical state?

Back 99

Meditation

Front 100

When you are watching a movie, what type of apparent movement gives you the perception of a "moving picture"?

Back 100

Stroboscopic movement

Front 101

Cathy takes three treatments of chemotherapy a week. At each session she brings along pleasant music to listen to during her treatment. Cathy is using which method of pain management?

Back 101

Distraction

Front 102

Salvador does business as a mind reader. Salvador believes he is capable of;

Back 102

telepathy

Front 103

Which of the following is true about ESP?

Back 103

There is no reliable scientific evidence that any form of ESP exists