Developmental Psychology Chapter 3

Front 1

Consulation and testing that enables individuals to learn about their genetic heritage, including conditions that might harm any children they may conceive

Back 1

genetic counseling

Front 2

a genetic disorder in which part of the X chromosome seems to be attached to the rest of it by a very thin strong of molecules. THe actual cause is too many repetitions of a particular part of a gene's code

Back 2

fragile X syndrome

Front 3

A condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46, with 3 rather than 2 chromosomes at the 21st postition. Often have distinctive characteristics: unusual facial features heart abnormalities and language difficulties

Back 3

Down syndrome

Front 4

Having a condition that involves having a mixture of cells, some normal and some with an odd number of chromosomes or a series of missing genes

Back 4

mosaic

Front 5

A person whose genotype includes a gene that is not expressed in the phenotype. Carriers pass on those unexpressed genes to half their gametes and thus to half their children. Generally, only when the gene is inherited from both parents does the characteristic appear in the phenotype

Back 5

carrier

Front 6

Literally, fertiliztion "in glass". Sperm are mixed with ova that have been surgically removed from a woman's ovary. If the combination produces a zygote, it is inserted into the woman's uterus, where it may implant and develop into a baby

Back 6

in vitro fertilization

Front 7

A general term for the techniques designed to help infertile couples conceive and then sustain a pregnancy

Back 7

assisted reproductive technology

Front 8

THe inability to produce a baby after at least a year of trying

Back 8

infertility

Front 9

An organism that has exactly the same genotype as another organism that is already alive

Back 9

clone

Front 10

Twins and other multiple births that originate from one zygote that splits apart very early in development

Back 10

monozygotic twins

Front 11

Twins who are formed when two seperate ova are fertilized by two seperate sperm at roughly the same time, share about half their genes, like any other siblings

Back 11

dizygotic twins

Front 12

Referring to a gene carried on the X chromosome

Back 12

X-linked

Front 13

The interaction of a pair of alleles in such a way that the phenotype reveals the influence of one allele more than that of the other

Back 13

dominant-recessive pattern

Front 14

A gene that, through interaction with other genes, affects a specific trait

Back 14

additive gene

Front 15

An international effort to map the complete human genetic code. THis effort was virtually completed in 2001, though analysis is ongoing

Back 15

human genome project

Front 16

Literally "many genes" In genetics multifactorial means that traits are affected by many influences, both genetic and environmental

Back 16

multifactorial

Front 17

Literally "many genes" Almost all important human traits, including abilities and emotions, are the result of the interaction of many genes

Back 17

polygenic

Front 18

THe observable characteristics of a person including appearance, personailty, intelligence and all other traits

Back 18

phenotype

Front 19

THe naturally occuring termination of a pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is fully developed

Back 19

spontaneous abortion

Front 20

a 23rd pair of an X-shaped chromosome from the mother and a Y-shaped chromosome from the father

Back 20

XY

Front 21

a 23rd pair of two X-shaped chromosomes an X from the father

Back 21

XX

Front 22

THe chromosome pair that, in humans, determines the zygote's sex

Back 22

23rd pair

Front 23

A slight, normal variation of a particular gene.

Back 23

allele

Front 24

An organism's entire genetic inheritance, or genetic potential

Back 24

genotype

Front 25

THe single cell formed from the fusing of two gametes a sperm and an ovum

Back 25

zygote

Front 26

A reproductive cell, that is, a sperm or ovum that can produce a new individual if it combines with a gamete from the other sex to make a zygote

Back 26

gamete

Front 27

THe full set of all the 25,000 or so genes that are the instructions to make a human being

Back 27

human genome

Front 28

THe basic unit for the transmission of heredity, consisting of a string of chemicals coding for the manufacture of certain proteins

Back 28

gene

Front 29

A carrier of genes, one of the 46 molecules of DNA that each cell of the human body contains and that, together, contain all the genes.

Back 29

chromosome

Front 30

THe molecule that contains the chemical instructions for cells to manufacture various proteins

Back 30

DNA