Psychology Ch 5 Memory Vocab

Front 1

memory

Back 1

the process by which we recollect prior experiences and information and skills learned in the past

Front 2

episodic memory

Back 2

memory of a specific event

Front 3

flashbulb memory

Back 3

a memory in which we recall events in great detail

Front 4

generic memory

Back 4

general knowledge that people remember

Front 5

procedural memory

Back 5

skills, or procedures, you have learned

Front 6

encoding

Back 6

the translation of information into a form in which it can be stored

Front 7

storage

Back 7

the maintenance of encoded information over a period of time

Front 8

maintenance rehearsal

Back 8

repeating information over and over again to keep from forgetting it

Front 9

elaborative rehearsal

Back 9

relating new information to something already well known to make it meaningful

Front 10

retrieval

Back 10

locating stored information and returning it to conscious thought

Front 11

context-dependent memories

Back 11

the memories that come back to you when you are in a specific place

Front 12

state-dependent memories

Back 12

memories that retrieved because the mood in which they were originally encoded is recreated

Front 13

tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

Back 13

the feeling of knowing something, but not being able to verbalize it

Front 14

sensory memory

Back 14

first stage of memory. the immediate, initial recording of information that enters through our senses

Front 15

iconic memory

Back 15

like snapshots. accurate, photographic memories

Front 16

eidetic imagery

Back 16

the ability to remember visual stimuli over long periods of time (a.k.a. photographic memory)

Front 17

echoic memory

Back 17

the register where mental traces of sounds, echoes, are held

Front 18

short-term memory

Back 18

information that remains after sensory memory of an event has faded away

Front 19

primacy effect

Back 19

the tendency to recall the initial items in a series of items

Front 20

recency effect

Back 20

the tendency to recall the last items in a series

Front 21

chunking

Back 21

the organization of items into familiar or manageable units

Front 22

interference

Back 22

occurs when new information appears in short-term memory and takes the place of what is already there

Front 23

long-term memory

Back 23

the third and final stage of memory

Front 24

schema

Back 24

the mental representations that we form of the world by organizing bits of information into knowledge

Front 25

recognition

Back 25

identifying objects or events that have been encountered before

Front 26

relearning

Back 26

learning anew information that was once forgotten

Front 27

decay

Back 27

the fading away of memory

Front 28

infantile amnesia

Back 28

people's inability to remember events very early in life

Front 29

anterograde amnesia

Back 29

memory loss from trauma that prevents a person from forming new memories

Front 30

retrograde amnesia

Back 30

people forget the period leading up to a traumatic event