Psychology Ch 10

Front 1

The view that some human motives are innate and due to genetic programming is a description of:

instinct theories. drive theories. incentive theories. arousal theories.

Back 1

instinct theories.

Front 2

After spending years in the ocean, a mature salmon swims up its home river to return to its birthplace. This behavior is an example of:

homeostasis. the Yerkes-Dodson law. the hierarchy of needs. an instinct.

Back 2

an instinct.

Front 3

Some students work hard in school to attain high grades. This best illustrates the importance of:

homeostasis. instinct. safety needs. incentives.

Back 3

incentives.

Front 4

After working all afternoon cleaning up the attic, Mr. Dixon is very thirsty and drinks a big glass of orange juice. His motivation to drink in order to reduce his feeling of thirst can best be explained by:

the Yerkes-Dodson law. drive-reduction theory. incentive theories. arousal theory.

Back 4

drive-reduction theory.

Front 5

Aaron is motivated to engage in risky activities simply for the sake of the thrill they give him. His motivation is best explained by:

arousal theory. the two-factor theory. drive-reduction theory. the James-Lange theory.

Back 5

arousal theory.

Front 6

According to Abraham Maslow, ________ is the need to find meaning and identity beyond the self.

self-transcendence. self-actualization. esteem. safety.

Back 6

self-transcendence

Front 7

When asked what is most necessary for a happy and meaningful life, most people first mention the importance of satisfying their ________ needs.

achievement. safety. sexual. affiliation

Back 7

affiliation

Front 8

The stress normally experienced by refugees is lessened by chain migration. This best illustrates the importance of ________ needs.

self-disclosure. physiological. affiliation. narcissistic

Back 8

affiliation

Front 9

Eight-year-old Dejuan was teasing and hitting his sister because her friends would not allow him to play with them. His mother punished him by sending him to his room for 20 minutes. This punishment is likely to cause Dejuan to experience:

narcissism. competence. ostracism. autonomy.

Back 9

ostracism

Front 10

Robert is extremely self-centered and does not accept criticism well. He is very active on social networking sites and is constantly bragging about the number of Facebook friends and Twitter followers he has. Robert is demonstrating the characteristics of:

ostracism. narcissism. self-disclosure. autonomy.

Back 10

narcissism

Front 11

Achievement motivation is the desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for ________, and for attaining a high standard.

control. narcissism. autonomy. self-disclosure.

Back 11

control

Front 12

A starving rat will lose all interest in food if a specific neural center within the ________ is destroyed.

thalamus. adrenal gland. arcuate nucleus. pancreas

Back 12

arcuate nucleus

Front 13

The ________ is the point at which your “weight thermostat” is supposedly set. When your body falls below this weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore the lost weight.

set point. basal metabolic rate. body mass index. obesity rate.

Back 13

set point

Front 14

Which of the following is a hunger-arousing hormone secreted by the hypothalamus?

PYY. ghrelin. leptin. orexin.

Back 14

orexin

Front 15

Which of the following examples does NOT demonstrate the influence of the ecology of eating on eating behaviors?

To reduce her food intake, Janice has purchased smaller plates and bowls.

Nathan refuses to eat whale blubber with his friend's family, who are Native Alaskans.

Lori avoids all restaurants that have a dessert buffet.

David avoids fast-food restaurants that have a supersized menu.

Back 15

Nathan refuses to eat whale blubber with his friend's family, who are Native Alaskans.

Front 16

Jose is trying to lose 100 pounds. He has greatly restricted his caloric intake but has lost only about 6 percent of his desired goal. Jose's limited weight loss is due, at least in part, to the fact that his dietary restriction led to a(n):

decrease in his secretion of ghrelin. elevation of his set point. decrease in his metabolic rate. elevation of his blood glucose level.

Back 16

decrease in his metabolic rate.

Front 17

The _____ theory of emotion states that emotions arise from the perception and interpretation of bodily changes.

James-Lange. two-factor. Cannon-Bard. arousal.

Back 17

James-Lange

Front 18

When Mr. Morgan misinterpreted his harmless symptoms of autonomic nervous system arousal as indicative of an impending heart attack, he suffered an unusually intense level of fear. His emotional suffering is best understood in terms of the:

low road of emotional processing. James-Lange theory. arousal theory. two-factor theory.

Back 18

two-factor theory.

Front 19

Some emotional responses to visual stimuli appear to involve no deliberate thinking. These emotional responses are said to follow a low road that bypasses the:

thalamus. amygdala. cerebral cortex. optic nerve.

Back 19

cerebral cortex.

Front 20

The instantaneous and automatic fear response we experience when unexpectedly stumbling upon a snake illustrates the importance of the:

amygdala. hypothalamus. pituitary gland. hippocampus.

Back 20

amygdala.

Front 21

According to Carroll Izard, which of the following is considered a basic emotion?

love. empathy. anger. pride.

Back 21

anger

Front 22

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system:

increases salivation and increases blood pressure.

decreases salivation and decreases blood pressure.

increases salivation and decreases blood pressure.

decreases salivation and increases blood pressure.

Back 22

decreases salivation and increases blood pressure.

Front 23

The polygraph measures the changes in ________ that accompany emotion.

blood sugar level. hormone secretions. pupil dilation. perspiration.

Back 23

perspiration

Front 24

When shown a face with an evenly mixed expression of fear and anger, ________ children were much quicker than other children to see anger.

socially extraverted. physically abused. academically successful. athletically skilled

Back 24

physically abused

Front 25

We find it especially difficult to detect from other people's facial expressions whether they are:

afraid. angry. lying. disgusted.

Back 25

lying.

Front 26

If a gender-neutral face is made to look angry, most people perceive it as ________. If asked to imagine an angry face, most identify it as ________.

male; female female; male male; male female; female

Back 26

male; male

Front 27

In which country are people most likely to convey visible facial expressions of their inner feelings?

China. Australia. Japan. India.

Back 27

Australia

Front 28

If people wrinkle their noses in disgust when presented with a strange-looking food, they are likely to experience an increasingly intense emotional aversion to the food.This best illustrates:

egocentrism. nonverbal communication. a genetic predisposition. the facial feedback effect.

Back 28

the facial feedback effect.

Front 29

By motivating us to satisfy our physical needs, hunger and thirst serve to:

control arousal desires. maintain homeostasis. control species-typical behavior. reduce an incentive.

Back 29

maintain homeostasis.

Front 30

Need is to ________ as drive is to ________.

food deprivation; hunger motivation; incentive thirst; arousal instinct; incentive

Back 30

food deprivation; hunger

Front 31

Dr. Gomez believes that behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs that “push” us to behave in certain ways. Dr. Gomez's views are most consistent with ________ theories of motivation.

instinct. drive-reduction. incentive. arousal.

Back 31

drive-reduction

Front 32

A(n) ________ is a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.

instinct. incentive. drive. arousal.

Back 32

incentive

Front 33

Drive is to ________ as incentive is to ________.

“push”; “pull”. instinct; push. “pull”; “push”. motivation; instinct.

Back 33

“push”; “pull”

Front 34

In one experiment, deeply-in-love university students experienced ________ when looking at their beloved's picture.

narcissism self-disclosure ostracism pain relief

Back 34

pain relief

Front 35

Our ________ is said to be an indication of how socially accepted we feel.

ostracism. narcissism. autonomy. self-esteem.

Back 35

self-esteem

Front 36

Jonah misbehaved and so was sent to his room for a time-out. The punishment Jonah is experiencing is social isolation through:

ostracism. narcissism. self-disclosure. grit.

Back 36

ostracism.

Front 37

Achievement motivation refers to:

a goal-oriented leadership style that builds teamwork. a desire for significant accomplishment. a need to feel that the world is organized and predictable. a focused state of consciousness accompanied by diminished self-awareness.

Back 37

a desire for significant accomplishment.

Front 38

Juan, who is 16, is very motivated in trying to make the Olympic swim team. He practices several hours a day and sets very high, but achievable goals in his competitive times for each event. The more improvement he makes, the harder he practices. His goal and behavior best illustrate the concept of:

ostracism. self-disclosure. narcissism. achievement motivation.

Back 38

achievement motivation.

Front 39

In psychology, ________ is passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals.

grit. narcissism. ostracism. self-disclosure.

Back 39

grit

Front 40

Feelings of hunger accompany ________ levels of blood glucose and ________ levels of ghrelin.

low; low high; high low; high high; low

Back 40

low; high

Front 41

________ is the body's resting rate of energy expenditure.

Basal metabolic rate Body mass index Set point Glucose

Back 41

Basal metabolic rate

Front 42

Our weight thermostats are somewhat flexible and are influenced by environmental as well as biological factors. Some researchers have therefore adopted the term:

body mass index. PYY. basal metabolic rate. settling point.

Back 42

settling point.

Front 43

Psychologists refer to the ecology of eating to highlight the impact of ________ on food consumption.

basal metabolic. rate set point. situational influences. PYY.

Back 43

situational influences

Front 44

An individual is considered obese if his or her body mass index (BMI) is:

20 and above. 25 and above. 30 and above. higher than 50.

Back 44

30 and above.

Front 45

According to researchers, which of the following would be the best advice to offer someone who wants to lose excess weight?

“Avoid complex carbohydrates like potatoes and pasta.” “Permanent weight loss requires a lifelong change in eating and exercise habits.” “Your self-esteem will increase dramatically if you can successfully lose weight.” “Once you lose your excess weight, you will experience a big reduction in your appetite for food.”

Back 45

“Permanent weight loss requires a lifelong change in eating and exercise habits.”

Front 46

Which of the following suggests that you would not experience intense anger unless you were first aware of your racing heart or other symptoms of physiological arousal?

the guilty knowledge test the James-Lange theory the two-factor theory the Cannon-Bard theory

Back 46

the James-Lange theory

Front 47

The arousal that lingers after an intense argument may intensify sexual passion. This best illustrates the

Cannon-Bard theory. the spillover effect. the low road of emotional processing. parasympathetic activation.

Back 47

the spillover effect.

Front 48

According to Carroll Izard, which of the following is NOT a basic emotion?

fear. sadness. anger. love.

Back 48

love

Front 49

Antonio's car stalls in the middle of a railroad crossing just as a train is rapidly approaching. His emotional arousal is likely to be accompanied by:

a decreased blood sugar level. a decreased respiration rate. contraction of the arteries. dilation of his pupils.

Back 49

dilation of his pupils.

Front 50

Happy infants and alert, energetic adults are especially likely to show high levels of brain activity in the:

amygdala. somatosensory cortex. cerebellum. left frontal lobe.

Back 50

left frontal lobe.

Front 51

An approach to lie detection that assesses a suspect's physiological response to details of a crime known only to police investigators is called the:

polygraph. two-factor therapy. physiological assessment test. guilty knowledge test.

Back 51

guilty knowledge test.

Front 52

When viewing subliminally flashed words, we are especially likely to sense the presence of words such as:

mind. body. life. death.

Back 52

death.

Front 53

Compared with a genuine happy smile, a feigned smile that we might make for a photographer tends to be expressed for several ________ seconds and then switched off ________ suddenly.

more; less. fewer; more. more; more. fewer; less

Back 53

more; more

Front 54

Women show ________ facial expression of emotion than men while viewing frightening films, and they show ________ facial expression of emotion than men while viewing happy films.

more; less. more; more. less; more. less; less

Back 54

more; more

Front 55

The most universally understood way of expressing emotion is through:

hand gestures. body postures. facial expressions. tone of voice.

Back 55

facial expressions.

Front 56

If you grimace in fear while taking a difficult exam, this facial expression is likely to cause:

you to experience increasingly intense feelings of fear. you to have less difficulty recalling the correct answers to the exam questions. your blood sugar levels to decrease. all of these things to happen.

Back 56

you to experience increasingly intense feelings of fear.