Psychology 351 Exam 2

Front 1

What is a planned activity scheduling?

Back 1

intervention where a behavior change agent arranges for a client to engage in an active, desirable behavior in situations that're likely to elicit a problem behavior thus reducing opportunities for the client to engage in the problem behavior

Front 2

Ar eplanned activity scheduling done alone?

Back 2

No, done with prompts also

Front 3

What is an example of a planned activity scheduling?

Back 3

sleep hygiene that helps you sleep

Front 4

What is reinforcement therapy?

Back 4

the use of CONSEQUENCES that increase the likelihood that behavior will be repeated

Front 5

What is a form of reinforcement therapy?

Back 5

Operant conditioning

Front 6

What's a type of learning in which behavior is increased or decreased by systematiclaly changing the consequences of the behavior

Back 6

Operant conditioning

Front 7

What is positive reinforcement?

Back 7

Process in which the INTRO OF A STIMULUS as a consequence of a behavior INCREASES the likelihood that the behavior will be perfomred again

Front 8

What is the process in which the WITHDRAWAL of a stimulus as a consequence of a bheavior INCREASES the likeli hood that the behavior will be performed again?

Back 8

Negative reinforcement

Front 9

Which type of reinfocement is it when a child is nagging, the parent gives in, and the likelihood of the nagging occurring again is more likely

Back 9

Positive reinforcement

Front 10

What type of reinforcement is it when we take aspirin?

Back 10

Negative

Front 11

What type of reinfocement is it when we drive at the speed limit?

Back 11

negative

Front 12

What are some examples of positive reinforcers?

Back 12

praise, money, attention, tokens

Front 13

What type of reinforcers are avoidance of anxiety, depression, or drug urges?

Back 13

negative

Front 14

If as a result of a behavior the stimulus is applied, the consequence is desirable and the behavior is likely to increase it is _________reinforcement

Back 14

positive

Front 15

When a stimulus is withdrawn and the behavir is likely to increase then it is __________ reinforcement

Back 15

negative

Front 16

When a stimulus and consequence result in decreasing the behavior it is a form of

Back 16

punishment

Front 17

A reinforcer in the form of a material object is
a. tangible reinforcer
b. social reinforcer

Back 17

tangible

Front 18

What's a social reinforcer?

Back 18

reinforcers tha consist of attnetion, praise, approval, acknowledgement or affirmation from others

Front 19

What are some example of token reinforcers?

Back 19

symbolic that can be exchanged for desired tangible reinforcers like stickers, tokens, money, points

Front 20

consequences that people receive as a regular part of their daily lives

Back 20

natural reinforcers

Front 21

What are the four benefits of social reinforcers?

Back 21

easy to admin, don't cost, can be admin immediately, they are natural reinforcers

Front 22

What is the premack principle?

Back 22

the notion that a higher probablity behavior (one that occurs at a much higher frequency) will serve a s areinforcer for a lower probability behavior (one that occurs less)

Front 23

What is this an example of? a parent who establishes the rule that htier child cannot watch tv until they do their homework... thus watching tv is the reinforcer sed for the behavior of completing your hw.

Back 23

premack principle

Front 24

What is another exmaple of the premack principle?

Back 24

no dessert until you finish your veggies

Front 25

What's shaping?

Back 25

reinforcement of components of the target behavior that are successive approximations of the complete target behavior

Front 26

What are reinforcement guidelines to maximize for transfer, generalization and maintenance?

Back 26

1. R should be CONTINGENT on the client's performance of the target behavior
2. R should be admin IMMEDIATELY after the client performs target behavior
3. R should be CONSISTENT
4. Client should be AWARE that reinforcer is a consequence of the target behavior

Front 27

What are more reinforcement guidelines?

Back 27

Continuous reinforcement initially, natural reinforcers (that real world will use), and r should be kept POTENT (use reinforcers they don't have access to, dispence in sml amounts, swithc reinforcers periodically, use social vs. material)

Front 28

What is continuous reinforcement schedule?

Back 28

schedule of reinforcement in which the target behavior is reinfoced every time it is performed (useful initiate target behavior)

Front 29

Schedule of reinfocement in which only some of the occurrences of the target behavior are reinforced. Is more efficient, less costly, promotes transfer, generalization and LONG TERM MAINTENANCE of target behavior.

Back 29

Intermittent reinforcement schedule

Front 30

What is a generalized reinforcer?

Back 30

consequences that are reinforcing for many people

Front 31

What are some examples of generalized reinforcers?

Back 31

food, money, and social attention

Front 32

What is an indirect method of decelerating undesirable behaviors where an acceleration target behavior is reinforced instead of the undesirable behavior

Back 32

deeceleration behavior therapy and differential reinforcement

Front 33

What is differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors?

Back 33

indirectly deceleration a maladaptive behavior by reinforcing acceleration target behaviors that PRECLUDE the simultaneous expression of the deceleration target behavior. (Reinforce clapping to get rid of nose clapping)

Front 34

What are differential reinforcement of competing behavior?

Back 34

indirectly ecelerating a maladaptive behavior by reinforceing acceleration target behaviors that INTERFERE with the simultaneous expression of the deceleration target behavior

Front 35

What's fading?

Back 35

The gradual removal of prompts as the behavior continues to occur in the presence of the discriminative stimulus.

Front 36

Dindirectly decelerating a maladaptive behavior by reinforcing any behaviors other than the deceleration target behavior is what?

Back 36

differential reinforcement of other behaviors

Front 37

Indirectly decelerating a maladpative behavior by reinforceing less frequent performance of the eceleration target behavior

Back 37

differential reinforcement of low response rates

Hint 37

Used when the goal is to decrease but not necessarily to eliminate a target behavior.

Front 38

What is functional communication training?

Back 38

variant of differential reinforcement that teaches clients acceptable ways to communicate the desire for a reinforcer as an alternative to their typical unacceptable (maladaptive) means (deceleration target behavior) of communicating the same message (reinforce new communication, extinguish old)

Front 39

What is a therapy in which a direct method of decelerating undesirable behaviors via chaning the consequences

Back 39

consequential deceleration behavior therapy

Front 40

When is consequential deceleration beavior therapy useful?

Back 40

-diff to find suitable alternative acceleration target behav
-only partial decrease to decel target
-dangerous behavior
-works by either eliminating reinforcement OR
-MAKES CONSEQUENCES OF BEHAV UNDESIRABLE (extinciton and time out or response cost, overcorrectional and physically aversive consequ)

Front 41

what is extinction?

Back 41

process of witholding or withdawing reinforcers in order to decrease maladaptive behaviors (social, use ignoring)

Front 42

What are the problems with extinction

Back 42

slow, 25% of time, problems with transfer, spontaneous recovery, must be able to id reinforcer first, must be completely witheld always

Front 43

What's time out from pos reinfocement?

Back 43

consequential deceleration theray in which a clients access to GENERALIZED REINFORCERS is withdrawn fro a few min after client has maladaptive behavior

Front 44

what's response cost?

Back 44

consequential deceleration therapy in which a client's access to a valued item or privelage is removed as a consequence of performing maladaptive behaivior

Front 45

What type of punishment is best?

Back 45

negative

Front 46

What's overcorrection?

Back 46

consequential deceleration therapy in which a client corrects the harmful effects of a deceleration target behavior (resiitution) and then intensively practices an acceleration target behavior (pos practice like community service)

Front 47

aversive therapy includes

Back 47

avoidance bheav, emo responses, pepetuation effects

Front 48

What's an example of avoidance behavior?

Back 48

punishing agentsis avoided by child

Front 49

Emo responses are

Back 49

child develops anger and it takes either punishing agent or smaller people things leads to bullying

Front 50

perpetuation effects

Back 50

kids pepetuate action as adults

Front 51

What is physically aversive consequences?

Back 51

application of physically painful and unpleasnat undesirable consequences in order to decelerate a maladaptive target behavior

Front 52

What's covert sensizization

Back 52

aversion therapy in which a n aversive stimulus and maladaptive target behavior are associated (clas cond) completely in client's imagination

Front 53

Aversion therapy has behavior and unpleasant stimulus ____________

Back 53

simultaneously

Front 54

Reinforcement sampling

Back 54

A procedure for allowing students to come into contact with potential reinforcers and for teachers to determine which reinforcers are likely to be effective with individual students.