Psychology 110 Test 1

Front 1

SQ3R method

Back 1

survey, question, read, recite, review

Front 2

psychology

Back 2

scientific study of behavior + mental processes

Front 3

steps of scientific method

Back 3

1. observe + theorize

2. hypothesize

3. design study

4. collect data

5. apply results to hypothesis

Front 4

4 goals of psych

Back 4

description

explanation

prediction

influence

Front 5

basic research

Back 5

seeking new knowledge for more general understasnding

Front 6

applied research

Back 6

solving practical problems to improve quality of life

Front 7

Wilhelm Wundt was known as ______ and followed ______

Back 7

the father of psych, structuralism

Front 8

Titchener was the student of _________

Back 8

Wundt

Front 9

introspection

Back 9

asking yourself what do you think?

Front 10

structuralism

Back 10

analyzing the basic elements of consciousness, belief that you could break down consciousness to basic elements

Front 11

Functionalism

Back 11

how mental processes function, behaviors not just mental processes

Front 12

Darwin followed ________ and believed in ________

Back 12

functionalism, evolution

Front 13

_______ wrote about the stream of consciousness, American psychologist

Back 13

William James

Front 14

1st female president of APA

Back 14

Mary Calkins

Front 15

"father" of African American psych

Back 15

Sumner

Front 16

established 1st psych lab at an African American college

Back 16

Beckham

Front 17

behaviorism

Back 17

study of behavior because behavior is observable

Front 18

3 believers in behaviorism

Back 18

Pavlov, Watson, Skinner

Front 19

behaviorists believed that the concepts of mind and consciousness were not _______

Back 19

measurable

Front 20

Psychoanalysis

Back 20

human mental life is like an iceberg and unconscious factors determine thoughts, feelings, and behavior

Front 21

neo Freudians

Back 21

followers of Freud, Jung, Horney, Adler

Front 22

Humanistic

Back 22

uniqueness of human beings and their capacity for choice growth and psychological health

Front 23

____ + _____ were humanistic

Back 23

Maslow + Rogers

Front 24

Cognitive Psych

Back 24

humans use mental processes to transform their experiences

Front 25

Gestalt psych

Back 25

type of cognitive psych-individuals perceive objects + patterns as whole units, mind interprets in predictable ways rather than react directly

Front 26

Clinical psych

Back 26

diagnosis + treatment of mental disorders

Front 27

school psych

Back 27

treatment of learning related problems

Front 28

forensic psych

Back 28

psych + law

Front 29

counseling psych

Back 29

adjustment problems, less serious than clinical

Front 30

educational psych

Back 30

study of teaching + learning

Front 31

social psych

Back 31

how behavior is affected by presence of others

Front 32

3 rules of critical thinking

Back 32

1. independent thinking

2. suspension of judgment

3. willingness to modify or abandon prior judgments

Front 33

problem with naturalistic observation

Back 33

observer bias

Front 34

problem with surveys

Back 34

social desirability

Front 35

experimental method

Back 35

only research method that can identify cause-effect relationships

Front 36

independent variable

Back 36

causes change in another variable

Front 37

dependent variable

Back 37

is affected by the independent variable

Front 38

confounding variables

Back 38

other variables affect dependent other than independent

Front 39

selection bias

Back 39

choosing groups based on pre-existing biases/differences

Front 40

problems with the placebo effect + experimenter bias can be solved using the ____

Back 40

double blind

Front 41

Quasi experiments

Back 41

comparing groups with different degrees of exposure that can't be experimented on due to moral issues

Front 42

participant related bias

Back 42

lack of representation in a research sample compared to the population

Front 43

EEG

Back 43

records electrical brain waves

Front 44

PET scan

Back 44

reveals activity in brain based on bloodflow and oxygen use

Front 45

functional MRI

Back 45

reveals brain structure and brain activity more accurately than PET

Front 46

neurons

Back 46

specialized cells that conduct impulses through the nervous system

Front 47

neurotransmitters

Back 47

chemicals that inhibit the transmission of impulses from one neuron to the next

Front 48

cell body aka _____

Back 48

soma

Front 49

cell body

Back 49

contains nucleus + carries out life sustaining functions

Front 50

dendrites

Back 50

receivers of signals from other neurons

Front 51

axon

Back 51

transmits signals to dendrites or cell body of other neurons + other body parts

Front 52

synapse

Back 52

junction where axon terminal communicates with receiving neuron

Front 53

all or none law

Back 53

neuron fires or doesn't

Front 54

resting potential

Back 54

negative electrical potential of axon membrane at rest

Front 55

action potential

Back 55

reversal of resting potential, initiates firing of neuron

Front 56

refractory period

Back 56

neuron can't fire for 1-2 seconds after firing

Front 57

myelin sheath

Back 57

white coating wrapped around axons that acct as insulation and allows impulses to travel faster

Front 58

_____ and ______ determines strength of neuron fire

Back 58

rate of fire and # of neurons

Front 59

acetylcholine

Back 59

movement, learning, memory, REM sleep

Front 60

dopamine

Back 60

movement, attention, learning, reinforcement, pleasure

Front 61

norepinephrine

Back 61

eating, alertness, wakefulness

Front 62

epinephrine

Back 62

metabolism of glucose, energy release in exercise

Front 63

serotonin

Back 63

mood, sleep, appetite, impulsivity, aggression

Front 64

glutamate

Back 64

learning thought + emotion

Front 65

GABA

Back 65

neural inhibition in CNS

Front 66

endorphins

Back 66

pain relief, feelings of pleasure

Front 67

nervous system is made up of ____ and ____

Back 67

CNS + PNS

Front 68

PNS is made up of ____ and _____

Back 68

somatic and autonomic

Front 69

somatic nervous system controls ______ features and _______ environment

Back 69

voluntary, external

Front 70

autonomic nervous system controls _____ features and ______ environment

Back 70

involuntary, internal

Front 71

autonomic nervous system contains _____ and _____

Back 71

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Front 72

sympathetic nervous system

Back 72

prepares body for action, flight or flight

Front 73

parasympathetic nervous system

Back 73

conserves energy, brings quiet state after emergency

Front 74

3 parts of the brain

Back 74

hindbrain forebrain midbrain

Front 75

hindbrain controls

Back 75

heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, vitalities

Front 76

brainstem (hindbrain)

Back 76

critical functions + physical survival

Front 77

medulla (hindbrain)

Back 77

heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, coughing, swallowing

Front 78

pons (hindbrain)

Back 78

connects both halves of cerebellum sleep + dreaming

Front 79

reticular formation (hindbrain)

Back 79

arousal + alertness

Front 80

cerebellum (hindbrain)

Back 80

body's ability to execute movement, motor learning, muscle tone and posture

Front 81

midbrain

Back 81

relay station between physiological + cognitive activity

Front 82

sustantia nigra (midbrain)

Back 82

unconscious motor movement

Front 83

forebrain

Back 83

cognitive + motor functions are controller

Front 84

largest part of the brain is the

Back 84

forebrain

Front 85

thalamus (forebrain)

Back 85

relay station for all info flowing in and out of forebrain

Front 86

hypothalamus (forebrain)

Back 86

4 F's feeding fighting flighting f******

Front 87

limbic system (forebrain)

Back 87

emotional expression, memory, motivation

Front 88

amygdala (forebrain) (limbic system)

Back 88

emotion, response to punishing stimuli and fear responses, agressiveness

Front 89

hippocampus (Forebrain) (limbic system)

Back 89

stores new memories

Front 90

primitive central core

Back 90

basic life maintaining processes

Front 91

cerebrum

Back 91

2 hemispheres connected by corpus callosum, higher mental functions

Front 92

corpus callosum

Back 92

connects 2 hemispheres of brain

Front 93

cerebral cortex

Back 93

thin convering over hemispheres responsible for higher mental processes, language, memory, thinking

Front 94

left hemisphere

Back 94

math, logic, analysis, language, reading, writing, comprehension, reasoning

Front 95

right hemisphere

Back 95

music processing, emotions, visual-spatial relations

Front 96

during split brain operation the ____ is cut

Back 96

corpus callosum

Front 97

_____ lobe is the largest

Back 97

frontal

Front 98

frontal lobe

Back 98

contains motor cortex + Broca's area

Front 99

prefrontal cortex (frontal lobe)

Back 99

personality functioning

Front 100

motor cortex (frontal lobe)

Back 100

voluntary body movements

Front 101

Broca's area

Back 101

production of speech

Front 102

Broca's aphasis

Back 102

inability to produce sound or speak

Front 103

Parietal Lobe

Back 103

reception + processing of touch stimuli

Front 104

somatosensory cortex (parietal lobe)

Back 104

touch, pressure, temp, pain

Front 105

occipital lobe

Back 105

visual info

Front 106

primary visual cortex (occipital lobe)

Back 106

vivsion registers

Front 107

temporal lobe

Back 107

auditory info

Front 108

primary auditory cortex

Back 108

hearing registers

Front 109

Wernicke's area (temporal lobe)

Back 109

word understanding + speech reception

Front 110

Wernicke's aphasia

Back 110

speech is fluent but does not make sense

Front 111

synaptogenesis

Back 111

growing of dendrites + axons

Front 112

pruning

Back 112

brain eliminates unneeded synpases

Front 113

myelination

Back 113

development of myelin sheaths around axons

Front 114

plasticity

Back 114

capacity of brian to adopt to changes such as brain damage

Front 115

pituitary gland

Back 115

master gland, growth rate

Front 116

parathyroid gland

Back 116

calcium levels

Front 117

pineal gland

Back 117

sleep cycles

Front 118

thyroid gland

Back 118

metabolism

Front 119

parathyroid gland

Back 119

digestion + mineral absorption

Front 120

thymus gland

Back 120

immune system

Front 121

adrenal gland

Back 121

emergencies, stress, sex

Front 122

pancreas regulates

Back 122

blood sugar

Front 123

genotype

Back 123

genetic makeup

Front 124

phenotype

Back 124

what individual's actual characteristics are

Front 125

polygenic inheritance

Back 125

many genes influence trait

Front 126

multi factorial inheritance

Back 126

influenced by genes and environmental factors

Front 127

consciousness

Back 127

everything we are aware of at given time

Front 128

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Back 128

controls timing of circadian rhythms, biological clock

Front 129

____ helps you re-synch after jet-lag

Back 129

sunlight

Front 130

subjective night

Back 130

when bio clock is saying to sleep

Front 131

circadian sleep theory

Back 131

sleep keeps humans safe at night

Front 132

restorative sleep theory

Back 132

sleep is for restoration of body + mind

Front 133

sleepiness is affected by _____ and ______

Back 133

time of day, time since last slept

Front 134

sleep spindles appear in stage __

Back 134

2

Front 135

slow wave sleep occurs in stages ___ and ___

Back 135

3 + 4

Front 136

REM sleep stand sofr

Back 136

rapid eye movement

Front 137

REM rebouund

Back 137

increased amount of REM sleep following REM deprivation

Front 138

sleepterror

Back 138

occurs early in night, breif

Front 139

nightmare

Back 139

vivid, late night

Front 140

somnabulism

Back 140

sleepwalking

Front 141

somnilioquy

Back 141

sleeptalking

Front 142

parasonmina

Back 142

disorder in sleeping state

Front 143

dyssonmina

Back 143

disorder that occurs in waking state

Front 144

narcolepsy

Back 144

randomly falls asleep in day

Front 145

sleep apnea

Back 145

breathing stops in sleep

Front 146

insomnia

Back 146

difficulty falling or staying asleep

Front 147

REM dreams are ______ NREM dreams are ______

Back 147

memorable, forgettable

Front 148

lucid dream

Back 148

dreams we can influence

Front 149

manifest content

Back 149

actual content of dream

Front 150

latent content

Back 150

hidden meaning of dream

Front 151

activation synthesis theory of dreaming

Back 151

dreams make sense of random firing of brain cells

Front 152

evolutionary theory of dreaming

Back 152

dreaming helps us rehearse survival skills

Front 153

sociocognitive theory of hypnosis

Back 153

we behave how we expect to behave while hypnotized

Front 154

neodissociation theory of hypnosis

Back 154

two aspects: planning + monitoring, planning we carry out suggestions and monitoring we observe everything around us onconsciously

Front 155

theory of dissacoiated control

Back 155

hypnosis weakens our contrel of consciousness and our responses become automatic

Front 156

substance abuse

Back 156

continued use of substance despite negative consequences

Front 157

physical dependance

Back 157

tolerance to dosage

Front 158

psychological dependance

Back 158

craving for drug