Psych Test Numero 4

Front 1

In psychology, the term ________ is defined as an individual's unique and relatively constant patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

Back 1

personality

Front 2

To understand personality, ________ theorists attempt to classify traits and discover how they are related to behavior.

Back 2

trait

Front 3

Raymond Cattell hypothesized that two types of traits existed. They are:

Back 3

surface and source

Front 4

Allport called the less consistent and important aspects of a persona:

Back 4

secondary traits

Front 5

The traits that make up the core of personality are called:

Back 5

central traits

Front 6

Characteristics that are shared by most members of a culture are termed:

Back 6

common traits

Front 7

According to Allport, unique personal characteristics are known as __________ traits.

Back 7

individual

Front 8

According to Allport, the trait that is dominant and shapes much of a person's behavior is called a(n):

Back 8

cardinal trait

Front 9

If a psychologist believes that an individual's personality develops as a result of childhood experiences and unconscious conflicts, he/she is most likely to favor the:

Back 9

psychoanalytic approach

Front 10

According to Freud's theory, the portion of the personality that is totally unconscious, immature, illogical and dominated by biological instincts is the:

Back 10

id

Front 11

Freud referred to the component of personality that is rational, organized, and sensitive to the demands of the external world as:

Back 11

ego

Front 12

According to Freud, human personality contains several levels of awareness. They are:

Back 12

conscious, preconscious, unconscious

Front 13

Material that can easily be retrieved from just below the surface of awareness is stored in the:

Back 13

preconscious

Front 14

According to Freud, thoughts and desires that are far below the level of conscious awareness are stored in the:

Back 14

unconscious

Front 15

Freud believed that when a conflict in a particular erogenous zone is not successfully resolved, a person is likely to experience:

Back 15

fixation

Front 16

Freud believed that between 3 and 6, young boys often struggle with sexual feeling for their mothers and competition with their fathers. This is referred to as:

Back 16

Oedipus complex

Front 17

According to Freud, the successful resolution of the Oedipal and Electra conflicts end when the child uses the defense mechanism of _________, which allows the child to take on the values and behaviors of the same-sex parent.

Back 17

identification

Front 18

According to _________, personality is acquired through conditioning and observational learning.

Back 18

behaviorists

Front 19

The ________ theories are more likely to emphasize personal responsibility and free will.

Back 19

humanistic

Front 20

Dr. Green asked her patient, Gabriella, to study brightly colored images made by inkblots on a card. She then asked her to tell her what she saw in the images and Dr. Green took careful notes on her descriptions. What test is Dr. Green using?

Back 20

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Front 21

The basic function of the _______ is to provide a set of diagnostic categories for classifying mental disorders.

Back 21

DSM-IV-TR

Front 22

When a person worries about physical illness for which no organic causes can be found, he or she probably has a(n):

Back 22

somatoform disorder

Front 23

According to your text, ___________ are characterized by serious and persistent disturbances or fluctuations in a person's emotional state that cause psychological discomfort and impair thinking:

Back 23

mood disorders

Front 24

By definition, all ________ disorders involve a sudden, temporary change in consciousness, memory or identity.

Back 24

dissociative

Front 25

Robert suffers from a major deterioration in his ability to control his thoughts and actions. He shows evidence of a(n) ___________ disorder.

Back 25

psychotic

Front 26

The most severe psychological disorder is:

Back 26

psychosis

Front 27

Carolyn began exhibiting behavioral problems after being exposed to toxic adhesive chemicals at the milner company where she was employed. Carolyn's behavior can be classified as a(n) ___________ disorder.

Back 27

organic

Front 28

Behavioral problems caused by senility, brain injury or disease, and the toxic effect of chemicals or drugs are classified as __________ disorders.

Back 28

organic

Front 29

Persons who suffer from paraphilias are characterized as having ___________.

Back 29

sexual disorders

Front 30

Psychological dependence on mood or behavior altering drugs is known as:

Back 30

substance related disorder

Front 31

Peter has an extreme mistrust and suspiciousness of others. Peter's behavior fits the description of _________ personality disorder.

Back 31

paranoid

Front 32

Gwendolyn is a 34-year-old, unmarried woman, who relies on her parents to take care of her. She refuses to move out because she has an extreme lack of self-confidence and feels that her parents do a better job of structuring her life than anyone else including herself. Gwendolyn fits the description of _________ personality disorder.

Back 32

dependent

Front 33

Timothy was arrested for bombing a federal building. Even though he confessed to the crime he appears to have no remorse for his actions and no sympathy for the physical and emotional losses of the victims. Timothy is most likely to be diagnosed with a(n) __________ personality disorder.

Back 33

antisocial

Front 34

Salvatore has extreme perfectionism that often prevents him from completing tasks. Salvatore is most likely experiencing symptoms of __________ personality disorder.

Back 34

obsessive-compulsive

Front 35

All of the following are characteristics of antisocial personality disorder EXCEPT:

Back 35

feelings of remorse

Front 36

Intense discomfort focused on a particular situation is a(n):

Back 36

specific phobia

Front 37

Anxiety is:

Back 37

feelings of apprehension or dread

Front 38

Which of the following items is an appropriate match for nervous breakdown?

Back 38

adjustment disorder

Front 39

Panic disorders, phobias, and obsessive-compulsive disorders are types of:

Back 39

anxiety disorders

Front 40

A __________ is an intense, irrational fear that is triggered by a particular object or situation.

Back 40

phobia

Front 41

When a person is driven to perform repetitive behaviors in a particular sequence or pattern, he or she said to be experiencing a(n):

Back 41

compulsion

Front 42

Amnesia, fugue, and multiple personality are all classified as ________ behavior disorders.

Back 42

schizophrenic

Front 43

The disorder called __________ is characterized by symptoms of extensive amnesia, wandering or traveling, and confusion about one's personal identity.

Back 43

dissociative fugue

Front 44

The most controversial dissociative disorder involves extensive memory disruptions along with the presence of at least two distinct identities. This disorder is called:

Back 44

dissociative identity

Front 45

The psychological disorder that is characterized by impaired functioning because of severely distorted beliefs, perceptions and thought processes is called:

Back 45

schizophrenia

Front 46

The type of schizophrenia that is characterized by bizarre postures or grimacing, extremely agitated behavior, complete immobility, or echoing the words spoken by another person is:

Back 46

catatonic

Front 47

Gene's personality disintegration is extreme. He engages in silly laughter, bizarre mannerisms and obscene behavior. His diagnosis is probably:

Back 47

disorganized schizophrenia

Front 48

Felix displays many schizophrenic symptoms including random auditory hallucinations that don't follow any particular theme, disorganized thoughts and behavior, frequent inappropriate laughing mixed with aggressive shouting, and echoing words spoken by others. Felix would most likely have a diagnosis of ________ schizophrenia.

Back 48

undifferentiated

Front 49

Allison believes that her body is rotting and ravaged by disease. This would be classified as a(n):

Back 49

somatic disease

Front 50

Hospitalization is considered a form of therapy because it:

Back 50

removes the individuals from situations maintaining the problem

Front 51

________ can be described as the use of psychological techniques to increase understanding and treatment of emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems.

Back 51

psychotherapy

Front 52

Trepanning was used to:

Back 52

release "evil spirits"

Front 53

In Europe, ________ was used as a treatment at a time when demonology prevailed as an approach to abnormal behavior.

Back 53

exorcism

Front 54

Psychoanalysis is a form of psychotherapy that was originally developed by __________ in the __________.

Back 54

Sigmund Freud; early 1900s

Front 55

The therapeutic strategy in which clients are encouraged to relax and to express their immediate thoughts and feeling openly is called:

Back 55

free association

Front 56

The purpose of free association and dream analysis is to:

Back 56

tap the unconscious

Front 57

According to Freud, the disguised, hidden meaning of a dream is the __________ content and the reported dream images are the __________ content.

Back 57

manifest; latent

Front 58

Freud's method of psychotherapy stressed all of the following EXCEPT:

Back 58

desensitization

Front 59

Client-centered therapy was developed by:

Back 59

Carl Rogers

Front 60

A therapist who displays a positive, nonjudgmental attitude toward a client is demonstrating:

Back 60

unconditional positive regard

Front 61

When a therapist acts as a "mirror" so clients can take a better look at themselves, the therapist is using:

Back 61

reflection

Front 62

Which of the following is not characteristic that Rogers believed would facilitate change in clients?

Back 62

insight

Front 63

The concept of free will, choice, meaning freedom, and isolation are most closely identified with:

Back 63

existential therapy

Front 64

During a session with his therapist, Carl was asked to freeze his gestures and posture at specific moments. While he was frozen, his therapist encouraged him to become aware of his feelings. Carl's therapist is using a technique associated with ______ therapy.

Back 64

Gestalt

Front 65

________ involves the use of learning principles such as operant and classical conditioning to change behavior.

Back 65

behavior modification

Front 66

Fears can be unlearned by approaching feared situations in a series of ordered steps called:

Back 66

hierarchy

Front 67

The concept of _________ refers to the fact that occurrence of one emotional state can prevent the occurrence of another.

Back 67

aversion conditioning

Front 68

Cognitive psychotherapy is based upon the assumption that psychological problems are essentially caused by:

Back 68

faulty or maladaptive thinking

Front 69

Tanika is a client in rational-emotive therapy. The first step of his therapy will probably focus on identifying:

Back 69

irrational beliefs

Front 70

In his explanation of rational-emotive therapy, Albert Ellis used the letters ABC to stand for:

Back 70

activating experience, belief, consequence

Front 71

According to your text, therapists who believe that psychological disorders are best treated with medication are advocates of:

Back 71

pharmacotherapy

Front 72

Prefrontal lobotomies have been largely discontinued because:

Back 72

of severe side effects and the unpredictability of behavior afterward

Front 73

Which counseling behavior does not belong with the others listed here?

Back 73

judging

Front 74

Deep lesioning is a form of:

Back 74

psychosurgery

Front 75

The treatment of emotional and behavioral disorders aimed at changing behaviors, thoughts, perceptions and emotions is known as:

Back 75

psychotherapy

Front 76

When someone's personality has been evaluated, we are making a judgment about his or her

Back 76

character

Front 77

A personality type is usually defined by the presence of

Back 77

several specific traits

Front 78

Personality theorist Raymond Cattell used factor analysis to identify 16

Back 78

source traits

Front 79

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality dimensions?

Back 79

androgyny

Front 80

According to Freud, which division of personality is governed by the reality principle?

Back 80

ego

Front 81

Freud stated that the mind functions on three levels: the conscious, the unconscious, and the

Back 81

preconscious

Front 82

Freudian theory states that a person who is passive and dependent and needs lots of attention has a fixation in the

Back 82

oral stage

Front 83

Maslow thought of peak experiences as temporary movements of

Back 83

self-actualization

Front 84

Carl Rogers believed that personal growth is encouraged when conditions of worth are replaced by

Back 84

organismic valuing

Front 85

The situational determinants of our actions are of special interest and importance to

Back 85

learning theorists

Front 86

Which of the following is NOT a concept of social learning theory?

Back 86

incongruence

Front 87

The research methods of __________ have been used to study the extent to which we inherit personality characteristics.

Back 87

behavioral genetics

Front 88

The halo effect can be a serious problem in accurate personality assessment that is based on

Back 88

interviewing

Front 89

Situational testing is primarily an example of using __________ to assess personality.

Back 89

direct observation

Front 90

Which of the following is an objective personality questionnaire?

Back 90

the MMPI-2

Front 91

By definition, a test that measures what it claims to measure is

Back 91

valid

Front 92

Contrary to what many people think, shyness is NOT related to

Back 92

private self-consciousness

Front 93

Shy persons tend to consider their social anxiety to be a

Back 93

personality trait

Front 94

The main feature of abnormal behavior is that it is

Back 94

maladaptive

Front 95

In North America, the most widely used standard for classifying mental disorders is the

Back 95

DSM

Front 96

People are said to have "retreated from reality" when they suffer from

Back 96

psychotic disorders

Front 97

A person who has periods of extreme mania suffers from

Back 97

a mood disorder

Front 98

Like amok and susto, bulimia may be a

Back 98

culture-bound syndrome

Front 99

Which of the following is not a psychiatric concept?

Back 99

insanity

Front 100

Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of

Back 100

psychosis

Front 101

Paranoid psychosis is the most common type of

Back 101

delusional disorder

Front 102

Which of the following is NOT one of the subtypes of schizophrenia?

Back 102

erotomanic type

Front 103

Biochemical explanations of schizophrenia have focused on excessive amounts of _______ in the brain.

Back 103

dopamine and glutamate

Front 104

The stress-vulnerability model of psychosis explains mental disorders as a product of environmental stresses and

Back 104

heredity

Front 105

Bipolar disorders that are not too severe are called

Back 105

cyclothymic disorders

Front 106

The fact that lithium carbonate is effective in treating some cases of bipolar depression suggests that the causes of bipolar disorders are at least partly __________.

Back 106

biological

Front 107

Depression that occurs only in the winter is likely to be classified as

Back 107

SAD

Front 108

When prolonged unemployment, a bad marriage, or physical illness pushes a person beyond his or her ability to cope, it is most likely that which of the following problems will occur?

Back 108

an adjustment disorder

Front 109

Agoraphobia is most often a feature of

Back 109

panic disorder

Front 110

According to the ________ view, anxiety disorders are the end result of a faulty self-image.

Back 110

humanistic

Front 111

Which of the following is NOT a type of personality disorder?

Back 111

neurotic

Front 112

A person who is impulsive, dishonest, emotionally cold, and manipulative may suffer from

Back 112

antisocial personality disorder

Front 113

The risk that a person may attempt suicide is greatest if the person has

Back 113

a concrete, workable plan

Front 114

A scientific explanation of medieval "possessions" by "demons" is related to the effects of

Back 114

ergot poisoning

Front 115

Which of the following is NOT a psychoanalysis concept?

Back 115

storytelling

Front 116

Spontaneous remission refers to the possibility that mental problems can get better due to the ______.

Back 116

passage of time

Front 117

An approach that is incompatible with insight therapy is

Back 117

action therapy

Front 118

Carl Rogers did not believe in using ________ in therapy.

Back 118

confrontation

Front 119

Filling in gaps in immediate self-awareness is one of the principle goals of

Back 119

Gestalt therapy

Front 120

A psychologist who is interested in overgeneralization and irrational beliefs is obviously a proponent of

Back 120

cognitive therapy

Front 121

The B in A-B-C of REBT stands for

Back 121

belief

Front 122

Classical conditioning principles are the basis for

Back 122

aversion therapy

Front 123

Reciprocal inhibition is an important principle in

Back 123

desensitization

Front 124

Major tranquilizers are also known as

Back 124

antipsychotics

Front 125

ECT is classified as a type of

Back 125

somatic therapy

Front 126

Research shows that about ______ percent of people who have sought mental health treatment feel that the treatment helped.

Back 126

90

Front 127

When evaluating a therapy, one way to avoid being misled by a spontaneous remission of symptoms is to use a _______ control group.

Back 127

waiting-list

Front 128

The therapeutic alliance involves

Back 128

warmth, acceptance, and understanding

Front 129

Culturally skilled therapists do all but one of the following; which does NOT apply?

Back 129

adapt standard techniques to match cultural stereotypes

Front 130

The mirror technique is frequently used in

Back 130

psychodrama

Front 131

To date, the most acceptable type of distance therapy is

Back 131

internet therapy

Front 132

Mild punishment is used in which self-management technique?

Back 132

thought stopping

Front 133

The tension-release method is an important part of

Back 133

desensitization