Psych Of Women Quiz 2

Front 1

puberty

Back 1

physical changes that lead to sexual maturity

Front 2

adolescence

Back 2

psychological changes that occur during puberty
- the transition phase bw childhood and adulthood

Front 3

menarche

Back 3

the beginning of menstruation

Front 4

4 important topics for adolescent females

Back 4

- puberty and menstruation
- self concepts
- education and career planning
- interpersonal relationships

Front 5

Puberty- menarche occurs when

Back 5

- around age 12

Front 6

menarche

Back 6

seldom depicted in television programs or films

Front 7

secondary sex characteristics

Back 7

- form around age 10-11
- breast development and pubic hair

Front 8

also during puberty, young women accumulate body fat thru hips and thighs

Back 8

ye

Front 9

Biological Aspects of the menstrual cycle; steps

Back 9

1. FSH acts on follicles within the ovaries, making them produce estrogen and progesterone
2. Luteinizing hormone is necessary for the development of an ovum (egg)
3. Estrogen stimulates the development of the endometrium (lining of the uterus)
4. Progesterone regulates the system. limits luteinizing hormone when its high enough

Front 10

pituitary gland produces 2 important hormones

Back 10

FSH, luteinizing hormone

Front 11

ovaries

Back 11

contain follicles that hold the ova, or eggs
- produce estrogen and progesterone

Front 12

ovulation

Back 12

- one of the eggs breaks out of its follicle
- egg moves from an ovary into a fallopian tube then into the uterus (fetus develops here)

Front 13

feedback loop

Back 13

when the level of a particular hormone is too low, a structure in the brain is signaled, and a chain of events occurs so more of the hormone ends up being released

Front 14

after ovulation, the empty follicle matures into a round structure that secrets progesterone and estrogen

Back 14

ya

Front 15

then the feedback loop operates, and decreases progesterone and estrogen

Back 15

ya

Front 16

with such low levels of these hormones, the endometrium can no longer be maintained in the style to which it has grown accustomed. The endometrium is sloughed off, and it passes out of the vagina as menstrual flow.

Back 16

this complex set of interactions first encourages the production of an egg, next leads to menstrual flow if no fertilized egg is implanted, and the begins another cycle

Front 17

menstrual pain

Back 17

dysmenorrhea
- cramps in abdomen; headache, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, low back pain

Front 18

prostaglandins

Back 18

substances that the body produces in high concentrations just before menstruation and can cause cramps

Front 19

more anxious ppl=

Back 19

more menstrual pain

Front 20

premenstrual syndrome

Back 20

cyclical set of symptoms that may occur a few days before menstruating
- headaches, breast soreness, swelling, nausea, depression..etc
- no clear cut definition
- controversial bc of this. lots of ppl just blame their moodiness on pms

Front 21

hormonal factors may indeed cause premenstrual problems in a small percentage of women. however 2 other factors are more important

Back 21

1. psychological factors, such as anxiety and strong endorsement of traditionally feminine gender roles
2. cultural factors, such as our culture's belief that PMS is a well established fact

Front 22

pms therapy

Back 22

ppl often recommend exercise. avoid salt, sugar, caffeine

Front 23

positive reactions to menstrual cycle

Back 23

some women report feelings of well being and excitement, as well as bursts of energy

Front 24

cultural attitudes toward menstruation

Back 24

- some cultures have a taboo against contact with menstruating women

Front 25

in north america

Back 25

- the topic of menstruation is negative and invisible (we dont really talk about it)

Front 26

SELF CONCEPT

Back 26

#2

Front 27

identity

Back 27

self rating of personal characteristics in the physical, psychological, and social dimensions

Front 28

5 components of identity

Back 28

self esteem, body image, feminist identity, cultural identity, transgender identity

sbfct

Front 29

self esteem

Back 29

a measure of how much you like and value yourself

Front 30

meta-analysis

Back 30

a statistical method for integrating numerous studies on a single topic. "super study"
- average male scores are slightly significantly higher in self esteem than that of females
- results of gender comparison depend on things like age, ethnicity, and social class

Front 31

body image

Back 31

a young woman learns to view herself as an object that can be looked at and judged by other ppl
- women of color are esp likely to comment that women who look like them are missing from fashion magazines

Front 32

physical appearance is the strongest predictor of self worth in adolescent females

Back 32

ya

Front 33

Feminist identity

Back 33

mm

Front 34

feminism

Back 34

the principle that values womens experiences and ideas
- women and men should be equal

Front 35

feminist social identity

Back 35

- claiming that you are a feminist
- people who support feminist beliefs are more likely to have a complex view of themselves

Front 36

cultural identity

Back 36

the ideas and customs associated w social grouping such as country of origin, ethnic group, or religion

Front 37

when being white is considered the standard, white individuals dont notice their privleged status. in fact, white ppl often believe they dont have a race

Back 37

ya

Front 38

Transgender identity

Back 38

moves across or beyond the gender boundaries as they are defined in our culture
- a women may decide to live as a man, or vice versa
- why does genital surgery seem normal for infants, but not for adults who want to have surgery so that they can live in a body consistent w their own personal identity?

Front 39

education and career planning- young womens experiences in middle and high school

Back 39

- their bodies are changing, they may be preoccupied w their physical appearance, and they may be tempted to starve themselves. they may also have low self esteem. many females in middle and high school feel invisible in the classroom
- when the academic environment is not friendly to young women, they will study less, choose less rigorous courses, and select less challenging careers. this will not happen if gender equality occurs.

Front 40

math and science teachers may convey higher expectations to male students than to female students

Back 40

ya

Front 41

gender issues in higher education

Back 41

in north america, women are more likeely than men to get a higher education
- relatively few college professors are women
- female college students may receive a message that they have entered a male dominated environment where they are not welcome. this is called--

Front 42

chilly classroom climate

Back 42

faculty members treat men and women differently in the classroom, and women may feel ignored
- students of color are more likely to experience this

Front 43

women of color and higher education

Back 43

students of color often receive the message that they do not fit in well with the college setting

Front 44

tribal colleges

Back 44

2-4 year institutions that provide a transition bw native culture and the predominately european american mainstream culture

Front 45

career aspirations

Back 45

women are more likely than men to choose careers considered nontraditional for their gender
- when considering careers, adolescent females are more likely than males to emphasize important of marriage and children

Front 46

family relationships

Back 46

most adolescents, both females and males, actually get along pretty well w parents

Front 47

teens dont break away from parents. healthy development is establishing individuality but remaining connected

Back 47

ye

Front 48

adolescent females typically feel closer to their mothers than their fathers

Back 48

k

Front 49

friendship

Back 49

in general, females friendships seems to be somewhat closer and more intimate than males friendships

Front 50

romantic relationships

Back 50

- the media usually portray gender stereotyped romances. the media also suggest that a boyfriend is an absolute necessity for a high school female
- research on early heterosexual romances suggests that these relationships typically last an average of about 4 months

Front 51

Lesbian relationships

Back 51

- psychology researchers pay more attention to adolescent gay males than adolescent lesbians
- adolescent lesbians are more likely than heterosexual adolescents to be threatened or attacked
- most parents eventually become tolerant or even support of their daughters lesbian relationships