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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Special Considerations in Understanding Disorders of C & A |
-important to view a child's behavior in context of normal childhood development -developmental psychopathology focuses on determining what is abnormal at any time in developmental process |
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Developmental Psychology |
study of origins and course of individual maladaptation in context of normal growth processes |
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Defining Abnormality of Childhood |
Commonly used criteria: -irrationality/dangerousness-- many normal childhood behaviors are irrational to adults -suffering/emotional distress--some disorders involve personal distress, others not so much ( i.e. ADHD, Intellectual Disability, Autism) - mal-adaptiveness/significant impairment-- may look very diff. in children |
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Consider Context; What are normal childhood developmental processes? |
I.E.- Self- talk during play is normal for 4 year olds, less so for 14 year olds I.E.- Occasional tantrums are normal and expected in most young children |
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Continuum between normal and abnormal |
some behaviors (i.e., clingy, inattentive, aggressive) may be typical as long as they don't interfere with normal development |
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Continuum between normal and abnormal |
children develop along several different lines (i.e., social, cognitive, emotional); one may be normal while another may be delayed |
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Continuum between normal and abnormal |
There is a wide range of "normal" development |
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Classifying of Childhood and Adolescent Disorders |
Early diagnostic systems -no categories for children's disorders -DSM-I included only two childhood disorders Recent systems -more attention paid to developmental factors in creating and using diagnoses for children |
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Anxiety Disorders of C & A |
-Separation Anxiety Disorder - Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorder |
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Separation Anxiety Disorder |
Excessive anxiety about separation from major attachment figures and from familiar home surroundings |
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Separation Anxiety Disorder- Characteristics |
-Unrealistic fears about separation (e.g., lost,kidnapped) -Fear of harm coming to attachment figure -Somatic symptoms/complaints when separated orseparation is anticipated |
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Separation Anxiety Disorder- Characteristics |
-Nightmares or difficulty sleeping withoutattachment figure -Refusal to participate in activities requiringseparation |
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Separation Anxiety Disorder- Causes and Treatments |
Sociocultural and family system factors -many children with SAD have been traumatized (i.e., war, natural disaster, divorce, death of relative or pet -parental overprotection and intrusiveness - parents can provide reassurance and model appropriate separation behaviors |
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Separation Anxiety Disorder- Causes and Treatments |
Biological components -Substantial (i.e., > 50%) genetic component -Benzodiazepines and antidepressants can relieveanxiety |
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Externalizing Disorders- Oppositional Defiant Disorder |
-Recurrent pattern of negativistic, defiant,disobedient, and hostile behavior toward authority figures that persists for atleast 6 months |
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Externalizing Disorders- Oppositional Defiant Disorder |
3 categories of symptoms: -angry/irritable mood,argumentative/defiant behavior, vindictiveness -Criteria for ODD (must have any for 4 or moremonths (greater or equal to 6 months) |
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Externalizing Disorders- Oppositional Defiant Disorder; SYMPTOMS |
Angry/irritable mood -Loses temper often -Touchy/easily annoyed -Anger and resentful |
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Externalizing Disorders- Oppositional Defiant Disorder; SYMPTOMS |
Argumentative/defiant behavior -Argues with authority figures/adults -Actively defies rules/requests from adults -Often deliberately annoys others -Often blames others for mistakes/misbehavior |
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Externalizing Disorders- Oppositional Defiant Disorder; SYMPTOMS |
Vindictiveness -Has been spiteful or vindictive at least twicein last 6 months |
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Externalizing Disorders- Oppositional Defiant Disorder |
-Prevalence is about 10% -More common in boys before puberty; rates inboys and girls about equal after puberty |
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Externalizing Disorders- Oppositional Defiant Disorder |
1 out of 4 ODD cases will later develop ConductDisorder (CD), whereas ODD developmentally precedes CD in most cases |
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Issues with Oppositional Defiant Disorder |
-involves extremes of normal childhood behaviors -high comorbidity (around 50%) with ADHD |
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Issues with Oppositional Defiant Disorder |
ODD also associated with Learning Disorders,Substance Use Disorders, Anxiety Disorders and Mood Disorders |
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Externalizing Disorders- Conduct Disorder |
-10% prevalence (12% boys, 7% girls) -involves violations of the rights of others, andusually criminal behaviors |
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Externalizing Disorders- Conduct Disorder |
-must have 3 or more of specific behaviors(group into 4 categories) within the last year, with 1 or more of those withinthe past 6 months |
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Externalizing Disorders- Conduct Disorder |
1. Aggression toward people and animals -physical fights -bullying -forced someone into sexual activity -physically cruel to animals -physically cruel to other people -has stolen while confronting a victim -has used a weapon that can cause serious harm |
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Externalizing Disorders- Conduct Disorder |
2. Destruction of Propertyú fire settingú vandalism |
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Externalizing Disorders- Conduct Disorder |
3. Deceitfulness of theft -stealing -breaking into homes -conning others |
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Externalizing Disorders- Conduct Disorder |
4. Serious violation of rules -staying out at night before age 13 whenprohibited by parents -running away -truancy (skipping school) *Specify mild, moderate, or severe based onnumber and severity of problems |
