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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Short term memory |
brief, limited duration, 7 +/- 2 items, serial search, phonetic, consciousness, decay (interference) |
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Active & inactive memory |
William James. Info in short/long term memory are similar but can be in different states. STM - active LTM - inactive |
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Atkinson & Shiffrin model of memory |
Info is stored differenty. sensory>STM>LTM |
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Control Processes |
processes in the mind that require a great deal of ones mental resources. It is best performed when only one controlled activity is taking place |
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Brown-Peterson Task |
Tested the length of STM. Showed 3 nonsense syllables for 3 secs, followed by a rehearsal prevention task. The recall occurred after 0-18 secs of delay. W/O rehearsal STM lasts around 20 secs |
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Serial Position Curve |
when asked to remember a list of items you typically remember the beginning and end of the list |
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Primacy effect |
initially studied items are remembered well (better than middle items) because they are rehearsed enough to be transferred to LTM. Middle items are neglected because if processing |
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Recency effect |
the most recently studied items are remembered well (better than middle items) because they can be download right from STM. |
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Baddley's Coding Experiment |
tested to see if memory is acoustic. Used 5 or 10 lists with either rhyming or unrelated words. Rhyming lists are harder for STM because they sounds too similar. Semantically related are harder for LTM. LTM - Semantic STM - Accoustic |
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Elaborative & role rehearsal |
memory technique that involves thinking about the meaning of a word and relating it to things that you already know instead of simply repeating it to yourself over and over |
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chunking |
grouping items to store more info in space for STM. for example: grouping numbers as dates, track times, phone numbers, etc. W/ no chunking strategy, only about 7 item could be remembered |
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Miller's Magic Number |
5-9 items (7 +/- 2) is the number he thought STM could hold because of limited slots. The amount of info that could be stored in each slot is not specified |
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Glanzer & Cunitz |
looked to see if primacy/recency could be manipulated. 20 items were given w/ a rehearsal prevention task. found no recency but still had primacy |
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Amnesia |
one of the differences b/w STM & LTM. damage can occur to either w/out disrupting the other one. Amnesia can occur for recent events while long term memories can be preserved. Some amnesia is caused due to a failure to transmit into from STM to LTM |
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Interference and Decay theories of forgetting |
STM is thought to be due to decay. EX: you hear a name but forget it because a goal was scored and it decayed before it was processed. LTM is due to interference b/c you get them mixed rather than forgetting. EX: switching an old gf's name with a current gf |
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Kepple & Underwood |
claim that all forgetting is due to interference. interference results from materials on subsequent trials. each trial is a of interference for a later trial. little effect of retention interval, only after many trials does the large drop off in performance occur |
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Shepard's mental rotation studies |
STM has a visual component but is mostly phonetic. LTM is primarily visual but can also be phonetic. |
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Warrington & Wieskrantz |
studied college students and amnesic patients with a stem completion test. found that amnesics have memory but can't report it |
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Working memory |
an active work space that stores and processes info. Conscious processing occurs, rehearsal occurs here, contains info that is below the level of awareness |
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central executive (working memory) |
controlling decision making part of working memory. allocates capacity, makes decisions, central pool of mental resources |
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articulatory loop (working memory) |
stores and manipulates phonetic info |
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visuo-spatial sketchpad (working memory) |
deals with vision or pictorial info and deals with spatial info |
