Psych Concepts From Chapter 7 - Memory

Front 1

The process of putting information into memory is called?

Back 1

encoding

Front 2

represents information as sequences of sounds...

Back 2

Acoustic encoding

Front 3

represents information in the form of images

Back 3

visual encoding

Front 4

represents the meaning of information

Back 4

semantic encoding

Front 5

holding information in memory over time

Back 5

storage

Front 6

pulling inforation out of memory and into consciousness after it has beed stored is called....

Back 6

retrieval

Hint 6

Bring up stored information in your mind such as your address or phoen number is usually so fast and effortlessly that it seems automatic

Front 7

memory of event that happened while one was present

Back 7

episodic memory

Hint 7

I had dinner yesturday with my family

Front 8

the mental representation of an experience by its general meaning

Back 8

semantic memory

Hint 8

You remember an answer to a question but without recapping when you learned it. Example: Are dogs animals or food?
Answer : animals..you know this without thinking about where /when you learned it.

Front 9

a type of memory containing information about how to do things

Back 9

Procedural memory

Hint 9

(skills) playing the piano, riding a bike, tying a shoelace

Front 10

The process in which people intentionally try to remember something and are conciously aware of doing so

Back 10

explicit memory

Hint 10

someone ask you about your vacation. You are thinking back in the past to recall the episode.

Front 11

The unintentional influence of prior experiences.

Back 11

implicit memory

Hint 11

You could solve a puzzle faster if you have solved it in the past.

Front 12

a view stating that how well something is remembered depends on the degree to which incoming information is mentally processed

Back 12

levels-of-processing model

Front 13

repeating information over and over to keep it active in short-term memory

Back 13

maintenance rehearsal

Hint 13

someone tells you a phone number and you dont have a sheet of paper. Until you get a sheet of paper you repeat it over and over to yourself until you get that peice of paper

Front 14

involves thinking about how new material relates to information already stored in long term memory.

Back 14

elaborative rehearsal

Hint 14

Looks at the boy to try and remember his name...Keisha...ohh....Kevin!

Front 15

This model suggest that the most important memory determinant is how well the encoding process matches what is retrieved.

Back 15

transfer-appropriate processing

Front 16

Just seeing the word sofa, for example, allows us immediately to gain access to knowledge about what a sofa looks like, what it is used for, where it tends to be located, who might buy one, and the like.

Back 16

parallel distributed processing models

Hint 16

Memory model of memory in which information is seen as passing through senory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Front 17

if encoding doesnt match retrieval you have poor recall (performance goes down/memory suffers)

Back 17

encoding specificity principle

Front 18

model of memory in which information is seen as passing through sensory memory, short-term memory, and long term memory

Back 18

information-processing model

Front 19

information from the senses- sights or sounds- a type of memory that holds large amounts of incoming information very briefly, but long enough to connect one impression to the next.

Back 19

sensory memory

Front 20

Your at a carnival and it is so crowded. There are rides everywhere, a kid crying, and people laughing. Out of all thats going on you choose to focus yourself on the kid crying even though your sensory organs retain all the other things going on around you too.

Back 20

selective attention

Hint 20

the focusing of mental resources on only part of the stimulus field.

Front 21

You look up a phone in the phone book, and repeat the number as you dial it, by the time you get off the phone, you probably wont remember that number.

Back 21

short term memory

Hint 21

received information that was precieved in sensory memory. Only last a few seconds if not furthur processed.

Front 22

Evidence support of this assertion comes from analyzing the mistakes people make when encoding information in the short term memory. ( by sound)

Back 22

acoustic encoding

Front 23

You have a list of names. remember them 2 by 2 then add the next 2 and the next two and keep going until you cant remember all of them together anymore.

Back 23

imediate memory span

Hint 23

The maximum number of items a person can recall prefectly after one presentation of the items.

Front 24

a view stating that how well something is remembered depends on the degree to which incoming information is mentally processed

Back 24

levels-of-processing model

Front 25

maintenance rehearsal

Back 25

someone tells you a phone number and you dont have a sheet of paper. Until you get a sheet of paper you repeat it over and over to yourself until you get that peice of paper

Front 26

involves thinking about how new material relates to information already stored in long-term memory.

Back 26

elaborative rehearsal

Front 27

Looks at the boy to try and remember his name...Keisha...ohh....Kevin!

Back 27

This model suggest that the most important memory determinant is how well the encoding process matches what is retrieved.

Front 28

A waitress has many different orders. She has to remember all the things one person wants verses another person wants. Example: Peter (milk eggs and bread), Sarah (cereal, butter, apple pie)

Back 28

Chunks

Hint 28

meaningful groupings of information that you place in the short-term memory.

Front 29

part of the memory system who encoding and storage capabilities can produce memories that last a lifetime.

Back 29

long term memory

Front 30

encoding in long term memory often ignores details and instead encodes the general, underlying meaning of the information. Example: Give people a sentence verbally and give them the same sentence on paper. SOme cant remember if the two match, they remembered the general meaning of the what they had heard but not the exact wording.

Back 30

semantic encoding

Front 31

I ask Sarah to memorize some digits...then before I ask her to write those digits down I tell her to count by threes for a little while. Then I ask her to write those digits I asked her to memorize down. The counting by threes was down to prevent her from rehearsing the information.

Back 31

Brown-Peterson procedure

Front 32

when we remember words at the beginning of a list better than those in the middle of the list.

Back 32

primary effect

Front 33

The ease of recalling words near the end of a list.

Back 33

recency effect

Front 34

Studying for a test where the test will be given

Back 34

context-dependent theory

Front 35

While studying for a test Mike drunk root beer all night. When he took the test he did poorly, but later on that night when he drunnk root beer the answers to teh test came back to him.

Back 35

state-dependent memory

Hint 35

memory that is aided or impeded by a person's internal state. (influence of...)

Front 36

people tend to remember positive things from the past when there in a postive mood, but when in negative mood tehy remember negative things from the past.

Back 36

mood-congruency effect

Front 37

Jack has not used a pogo stick since he was 8. His memory of how to do it is not entirely gone, however there is still some notion there. It took him less time to relearn the skill now than it took to learn it initially

Back 37

methods of savings

Hint 37

Measurign forgetting by computing the difference between the number of repetitions needed to learn and, after a delay, relearn the same material.

Front 38

Larry learned Latin in highschool and has not spoken it for years. When he trys to speak latin to his girlfriend he can not remember the vocab for sentence he wants to say.

Back 38

decay

Hint 38

a mechanism whereby information not used in long-term memory gradually fades until lost completely.

Front 39

One peice of info displaces another one, pushing it out of memory.

Back 39

interference

Hint 39

a mechanism whereby the retrieval or storage of information in long-term memory is impaired by other learning.

Front 40

Helen is learning French right now, but when she learns German next year it will be hard to learn because of the French she learned.

Back 40

proactive interference

Hint 40

when old info-in the long-term interfers with the remembering of new information. "forward"

Front 41

Helen has trouble remembering Spanish words form last year because she is now taking a French course

Back 41

retroactive interference

Hint 41

when information in memory is displaced by new information. "back"

Front 42

Sarah had a brain injury so now she can't remember new people she meet, because she us unable to form new memories

Back 42

anterograde amnesia

Hint 42

a loss of memory for the furture.

Front 43

John has had a brain injury so now he can not remember things of his life that took place months, or years ago

Back 43

retrograde amnesia

Hint 43

a loss of memory for events prior to a brain injury

Front 44

Jen is suppose to remember the 5 Great Lakes, so she comes up with this strategy.. HOMES (Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Superior)

Back 44

acronyms

Front 45

In trying to remmeber the grocery list you come up with tomatoes smashed against the front door, or bananas hanging from the bedroom ceiling.

Back 45

method of loci

Hint 45

the method of places

Front 46

studying for a test and cramming in a one ten- hour block.

Back 46

masses practices

Front 47

You only have ten hours to study for a test. It is good to take breaks in that ten hour break instead of going straight through so material will stay fresh and new.

Back 47

distributed practices

Front 48

Mary showed Joey a picture of a birthday party with family, ballons, and cake. After Joey examined the picture he was asked did he see any of these things adding on to it, presents. He said yes he saw presents. The truth is there were not presents in the picture but because he thought there was he was using his...

Back 48

constructed memory

Hint 48

We use or existing knowledge to organize new information as we recieve it and to fill in gaps of info we encode and retrieve

Front 49

Dee told his friend he just bought a new car, His friend knows without asking that , like all other cars he has seen, the car has four wheels. However, he could be biased in that all cars may not have four wheels around the world.

Back 49

spontaneous generalizations

Front 50

theories of memory suggest that networks like these allows us to retrieve specific pieces of previously learned info and to make new inferences about concepts.

Back 50

semantic network