Psych Chapter 16

Front 1

agoraphobia

Back 1

an excessive fear of open places or public places

Front 2

Alcoholics anonymous (aa)

Back 2

a self help group of people who are trying to abstain from alcohol use and to help others do the same

Front 3

alcoholism

Back 3

habitual overuse of alcohol

Front 4

antabuse

Back 4

the trade name for disulfiram, a drug used in the treatment of alcoholism

Front 5

antipsychotic drugs

Back 5

drugs that relieve schizophrenia

Front 6

atypical antidepressants

Back 6

drugs that relieve depression for some patients who do not respong to other antidepressants, generally with only mild side effects

Front 7

atypical antipsychotic drugs

Back 7

drugs such as clozapine and risperidone, which relieve schizophrenia without causing tardive dyskinesia

Front 8

bipolar disorder

Back 8

a condition in which a person alternates between periods of depression and periods of mania

Front 9

bipolar I disorder

Back 9

disorder condition characterized by at least one episode of mania

Front 10

bipolar II disorder

Back 10

disorder condition characterized by episodes of major depression and hypomania, which is a milder degree of mania

Front 11

catatonic schizophrenia

Back 11

a type of schizophrenia characterized by the basic symptoms plus prominent movement disorders

Front 12

compulsion

Back 12

a repetitive, almost irresistable action

Front 13

delusion

Back 13

unfounded belief

Front 14

delusion of grandeur

Back 14

the belief that one is unusually important

Front 15

delusion of persecution

Back 15

the belief that one is being persecuted

Front 16

delusion of reference

Back 16

the tendency to interpret all sorts of messages as if they were meant for oneself

Front 17

dependence (or addiction)

Back 17

a self-destructive habit that someone finds difficult or impossible to quit

Front 18

detoxification

Back 18

a supervised period for removing drugs from the body

Front 19

disorganized schizophrenia

Back 19

a type of schizophrenia characterized by incoherent speech, extreme lack of social relationships, and "silly" or odd behavior

Front 20

dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia

Back 20

the theory that the underlying cause of schizophrenia is excessive stimulation of certain types of dopamine synapses

Front 21

electroconvulsive therapy (ect)

Back 21

a treatment using a brief electrical shock that is administered across the patients head to induce a convulsion similar to epilepsy, sometimes used as a treatment for certain types of depression

Front 22

explanatory style

Back 22

a tendency to accept one kind of explanation for success or failure more often than others

Front 23

expressed emotion

Back 23

hostile or critical comments directed toward a person with a psychiatric disorder such as schizophrenia

Front 24

flooding (or implosion)

Back 24

a treatment for phobia in which the person is suddenly exposed to the object of the phobia

Front 25

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Back 25

a disorder in which people are almost constantly plagued by exaggerated worries

Front 26

glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia

Back 26

the view that the underlying problem causing schizophrenia is deficient stimulation of certain glutamate synapses

Front 27

hallucinations

Back 27

a sensory experience not corresponding to reality, such as seeing or hearing something that is not present or failing to see or hear something that is present

Front 28

harm reduction

Back 28

approach to drug abuse that concentrates on decreasing the frequency of drug use and minimizing the harmful consequences to health and well-being

Front 29

hyperventilate

Back 29

breathe deeply and frequently

Front 30

major depression

Back 30

a condition lasting most of the day, day after day, with a loss of interest and pleasure and a lack of productive activity

Front 31

mania

Back 31

a condition in which people are constantly active, uninhibited, and either happy or irritable

Front 32

methadone

Back 32

a drug commonly offered a a less dangerous substitute for opiates

Front 33

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Back 33

drugs that block the metabolic breakdown of released dopamine, nonrepinephrine, and serotonin, thus prolonging the effects of these neurotransmitters on the receptors of the postsynaptic cell

Front 34

negative symptoms

Back 34

symptoms that are present in other people- such as the ability to take care of theselves- but absent in schizophrenic people

Front 35

neurodevelopmental hypothesis

Back 35

the idea that schizophrenia originates with impaired development of the nervous system before or around the time of birth, possibly but not necessarily for genetic reasons

Front 36

obsession

Back 36

a repetitive, unwelcome stream of thought

Front 37

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Back 37

a condition with repetitive thoughts and actions

Front 38

panic disorder (PD)

Back 38

a disorder characterized by frequent bouts of moderate anxiety and occasional attacks of sudden increased heart rate, chest pains, difficulty breathing, sweating, faintness, and trembling

Front 39

paranoid schizophrenia

Back 39

a type of schizophrenia characterized by the basic symptoms plus strong or elaborate hallucinations and delusions

Front 40

phobia

Back 40

a strong, persistent fear of a specific object, extreme enough to interfere with normal living

Front 41

positive symptoms

Back 41

characteristics present in people with schizophrenia and absent in others- such as hallucinations, delusions, abnormal movements, and thought disorders

Front 42

postpartum depression

Back 42

a period of depression that some women experience shortly after giving birth

Front 43

schizophrenia

Back 43

a condition marked by deterioration of daily activities over a period of at least 6 months, plus hallucinations, delusions, flat or inappropriate emotions, certain movement disorders, or thought disorders

Front 44

season-of-birth effect

Back 44

the tendency for people born in the winter months to be slightly more likely than other poeple are to develop schizophrenia

Front 45

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Back 45

a condition in which people become serioiusly depressed in one season of the year, such as winter

Front 46

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Back 46

drugs that black the reputake of the neurotransmitter serotonin by the terminal bouton

Front 47

social phobia

Back 47

a severe avoidance of other people and an especially strong fear of doing anything in public

Front 48

st. john's wort

Back 48

wort an herb with antidepressant effects

Front 49

systematic desensitization

Back 49

a method of reducing fear by gradually exposing people to the object of their fear

Front 50

tardive dyskinesia

Back 50

a disorder characterized by tremors and invountary movements

Front 51

tricyclic drugs

Back 51

drugs that block the reabsoption of the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, after they are released by the terminal button, thus prolonging the effect of these neurotransmitters on the receptors of the postsynaptic cell

Front 52

type I (or Type A) alcoholism

Back 52

the type that is generally less severe, equally common in men and women, less dependent on genetics, and likely to develop gradually presumably in response to the difficulties of life

Front 53

type II (or type B) alcoholism

Back 53

the type that is generally more severe , more common in men, more often associated with aggressive or antisocial behavior, more dependent on genetics, and likely to begin early in life

Front 54

undifferentiated schizophrenia

Back 54

a type of schizophrenia characterized by the basic syptoms but no unusual or expecially prominent symptoms