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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Abnormal Behavior
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Behavior that is atypical, maladaptive, socially unacceptable, and produces emotional discomfort.
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four criteria for abnormal behavior
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atypicality, dysfunctional (most importat criterion for distinguishing behavioral disorders), distressful, and dangerous
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DSM-IV
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diagnostic and statistic manual that is a classification principle around specific behavioral and physical symptoms (maximize between group variance but minimized with one group variance)
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Anxiety Disorder
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any of a number of disorders that produce pervasive feelings of anxiety
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Panic Disorders
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anxiety disorder in which an individual experiences numerous panic attacks (four or more in a four-week period) that are characterized by overwhelming terror and often a feeling of unreality or of depersonalization
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Agoraphobia
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An anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear of being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or in which help might now be available. example: being in the open, public places
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Phobia
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any number of anxiety disorders that are characterized by a persistent fear of and consequent avoidance of a specific object or situation
although they usually realize that their fear is far out of proportion to actual danger, this understanding does little to reduce the fear |
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Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder)
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a persistent, irrational fear of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur. example: public speaking
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Specific Phobia
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Anxiety disorder characterized by an irrational fear of specific situations or objects, such as heights, small closed places, strangers, or animals
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorders
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persistent, unwanted, and unshakable thoughts and/or irresistible habitual repeated actions
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Somatization Disorder
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type of somatoform disorder characterized by multiple and recurrent physucal symptoms that have no physical cause
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Hypochondriasis
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somatoform disorder in which the individual is excessively fearful of contracting a serious illness or of dying
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Conversion Disorder
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somatoform disorder that is manifested as a sensory or motor system disorder for which there is no known organic cause
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Dissociative Amnesia
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memory loss not attributable to disease or brain injury
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Dissociative Fugue
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a dreamlike state of altered consciousness not attributable to disease, drug use, or brain injury
worst case: a person may relocate to another part of the country and assume a new identity complete with a new name, job, and even a new family |
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Somatoform Disorder
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class of disorders that are manifested through somatic or physical symptoms
examples: somatization disorder, hypochondriasis, and conversion disorder |
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The Psychoanalytic Perspective of Behavioral Disorders
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results of internal conflicts in which anxiety and the symptoms of anxiety disorders appear when these defenses are overused or rigidly applied.
Phobias may occur if the individual displaces this anxiety to some object, situation, or social function that can be avoided |
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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chronic state of anxiety or worry that is so pervasive that it is often referred to as free-floating anxiety that persists for at least months
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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
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typically follows a traumatic event or events, and is characterized by a reliving of that event, avoidance of stimuli associated with the event or numbing of general responsiveness, and increased arousal
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Albert Bandura's Theory
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modeling, or imitating the behavior of others, provides a more likely explanation for the acquistion of some anxiety disorders
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Dissociative Identity Disorder, or Multiple Personality Disorder
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a condition of separation in personality, or in multiple personality, not attributed to disease or brain injury
primary person is not aware of the secondary personality, but the secondary person is aware of the primary person |
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Mood Disorders
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class of disorders including major depression and bipolar disorder that are characterized by a persistent depression (which in bipolar disorder is accompanied by intermittent episodes of mania
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Major Depressive Disorder
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a severe mood disorder characterized by deep and persistent depression
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Bipolar (manic-depressive) Disorder
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mood disorder characterized by intermittent episodes of both depression and mania (highly energized behavior)
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Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
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diagnostic catergory in which major depression or bipolar depression recurrently follows a seasonal pattern
winter depression: craving carbs, overeating summer depression: loss of appetite, weight loss |
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Learned Helplessness
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a diminished ability to learn an avoidance response following exposure to unavoidable aversive stimulation. May contribute to some forms of depression and non-responsiveness in humans and other animals
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Speech Disturbance Characteristic of Schizophrenia
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Mutism: individual may not utter a sound for hours or days at a time
Echolalia: people repeat virtually every statement they hear uttered |
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Development of Schizophrenia
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Prodromal Stage: first signs that include less interest in work, school, etc; social withdrawal; deterioration of health
Active Stage: major symptom stage Residual Stage: major symptoms are absent--recovery. |
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Disorganized Schizophrenia
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marked disorganization and regression into thinking and behavioral patterns, accompanied by sudden mood swings and often hallucinations
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Catatonic Schizophrenia
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extreme psychomotor disturbances, which may range from stuporous immobility to wild excitement and agitation
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Dissociative Identity Disorder, or Multiple Personality Disorder
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a condition of separation in personality, or in multiple personality, not attributed to disease or brain injury
primary person is not aware of the secondary personality, but the secondary person is aware of the primary person |
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Mood Disorders
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class of disorders including major depression and bipolar disorder that are characterized by a persistent depression (which in bipolar disorder is accompanied by intermittent episodes of mania
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Major Depressive Disorder
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a severe mood disorder characterized by deep and persistent depression
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Bipolar (manic-depressive) Disorder
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mood disorder characterized by intermittent episodes of both depression and mania (highly energized behavior)
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Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
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diagnostic catergory in which major depression or bipolar depression recurrently follows a seasonal pattern
winter depression: craving carbs, overeating summer depression: loss of appetite, weight loss |
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Learned Helplessness
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a diminished ability to learn an avoidance response following exposure to unavoidable aversive stimulation. May contribute to some forms of depression and non-responsiveness in humans and other animals
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Speech Disturbance Characteristic of Schizophrenia
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Mutism: individual may not utter a sound for hours or days at a time
Echolalia: people repeat virtually every statement they hear uttered |
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Development of Schizophrenia
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Prodromal Stage: first signs that include less interest in work, school, etc; social withdrawal; deterioration of health
Active Stage: major symptom stage Residual Stage: major symptoms are absent--recovery. |
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Disorganized Schizophrenia
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marked disorganization and regression into thinking and behavioral patterns, accompanied by sudden mood swings and often hallucinations
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Catatonic Schizophrenia
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extreme psychomotor disturbances, which may range from stuporous immobility to wild excitement and agitation
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Paranoid Schizophrenia
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presence of well-organized delusional thoughts
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Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
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Catchall category assigned to schizophrenics who do not manifest specific symptoms of disorganized, catatonic, or paranoid schizophrenia
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Residual SChizophrenia
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recovery phase during which major symptoms are absent or markedly diminished
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Positive Symptoms
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excess or distortion of normal behavior. symptoms: hallucinations, delusions and excessive verbal behavior
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Negative Symptoms
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diminished or absent behavior. symptoms: flattened emotions, diminished social behavior, apathy
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Personality Disorders
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Diverse class of disorders that is collectively characterized by inflexible and maladaptive personality traits that cause either functional impairment or subjective distress
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
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disregard for rights of others, lack of remorse or guilt for antisocial acts, irresponsibility in job or marital roles, failure to learn from experience, and a profound poverty of deep and lasting emotions
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