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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Plato |
(428 BC - 348 BC) - wrote about how humans perceived the world and the relation between our senses and our thoughts. - Platonic-Realism: asserts that our perception of the world only captures a part of actual reality. Limited in what we can know about the world through our senses. |
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Rene Descartes |
"Cogito ergo sum" - I think therefore I am - Only thing we know for sure is that we exist. - senses are unreliable and can be easily tricked, reasoning and logic allows to determine truth - Mind-Body Dualism: Descartes argued that because the mind is not physical and the body is, they must be ind. from each other. |
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Franz Joseph Gall |
Phrenology: (~19th cent.) Based on the belief that the brain is what produces a person's "mind" - Certain brain areas have things that thye specialize in. They map to different regions of the skull. - The bigger the size of the are on the skull, the more the person had of that personality trait. |
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Sigmund Freud |
Subconscious: when unacceptable ideas, wishes, or desires, and traumatic memories are repressed this causes psychological problems. - Id: the basic instinctual side of humans, inappropriate impulses, unconscious and inaccessible Ego: seeks to please the id but in realistic and acceptable ways that serve long term goals Superego: is what suppresses the thoughts. A stand in for society, parents, teachers. (An inner critic) |
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Sigmund Freud: free association |
People talking freely about their lives without restrictions, esp. for hysteria |
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Wilhelm Wundt |
- Believed unconscious experience was something that could be tested and studied with experiments Introspection: subjects would be trained on how too study and report on their internal thoughts and feelings when given a stimulus (such as hearing a metronome). Structuralism: asserted the mind should be divided up intoindividual parts such as sensations and emotions. This can be studied with introspection. |
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Max Wertheimer |
Gestalt Psychology (early 20th cent.) - What we experience is not simply the sum of adding up a lot of individual parts - Perception is ultimately subjective, we contribute our own interpretations and background to how we ultimately view the world. |
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B.F. Skinner |
Behaviorism: early 20th cent., built upon the work of Watson, used the training of animals to provide evidence for behaviorism - Focused on explaining the primary ways in which behaviors are reinforced. - Positive, negative reinfocement - Learning language - asserted that language is learned when children receive direct feedback from adults or other children |
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Noam Chomsky |
- Disagreed with Skinner and argued that certain aspects of human language are special and cannot be learned. Poverty of the Stimulus: the amt. of info. a child has in the environment is not sufficient to learn everything necessary for lang. |
