Professional Writing Quiz 1

Front 1

Noun

Back 1

A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea.

Front 2

Verb

Back 2

A verb is a word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence - a 'do-ing' word.

E.g. hear, become, happen

Front 3

Conjuction

Back 3

A conjunction is a word used to connect clauses or sentences

E.g. and, but, if

Front 4

Preposition

Back 4

Prepositions are the words that indicate location.

E.g. in, on, at, around, above, near, underneath, alongside, of, and for.

The puppy is on the floor.

The puppy is beside the phone.

The puppy is in the trash can.

Front 5

Adjective

Back 5

An adjective is a word or set of words that modifies (describes) a noun or pronoun. Adjectives may come before the word they modify.

E.g. sweet, red, or technical.

Front 6

Adverb

Back 6

An adverb is a word or set of words that modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

E.g. gently, here, now, very.

Front 7

Pronoun

Back 7

A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun.

E.g. I, me, he, she, herself, you, it, that, they, each, few, many, who, whoever, whose, someone, everybody, etc

Front 8

Determiner

Back 8

Determiners specify or determine by expressing the reference of a noun in context. Determiners include articles (a, an, the). Determiners are always placed in front of a noun. Determines include articles - the, a, an.

E.g. The dog barked at the boy.

These apples are rotten.

Their bus was late.

Have you seen my keys?

Front 9

Article

Back 9

Articles define a noun as specific or unspecific. There are only three articles: the (definite article), a and an (indefinite articles).

E.g. After the long day, the cup of tea tastes particularly good.

By using the, we've shown that it was one specific day that was long, and one specific cup of tea that tasted good.

Front 10

Interjection

Back 10

Interjections are particles used in speech to indicate emotion or provide transition.

E.g. eh, okay, ok, say, no, ouch, yuck.

Front 11

Clause

Back 11

A clause is a group of words which has a subject and a complete finite verb

E.g. The lecture finished at 3pm.

Front 12

Independent or main clause

Back 12

An independent clause expresses a complete thought and can stand on its own as a sentence.

E.g. Learning a new language is often frustrating.

Front 13

Dependent or subordinate clause

Back 13

A dependent clause does not express a compete thought and needs to be joined to an independent clause to become a sentence. It usually begins with a word such as although, while, because, who, which, if etc

E.g. Although learning a language is often frustrating

Front 14

Subject

Back 14

The subject is the focus of the clause or someone or thing which does something in the clause

E.g. Pollution causes cancer.

Front 15

Complete finite verb

Back 15

A verb which has a subject and a sense of time

E.g. New Zealand is in the South Pacific.

The lecture finished at 3pm.

Front 16

Simple sentence

Back 16

A simple sentence has only one main clause, which must be an independent clause. Simple sentences are not always short. They can contain phrases and be long and complicated - however, they still only have one subject and one finite verb.

Front 17

Phrase

Back 17

A phrase is a group of words which does not have a subject-verb component and does not convey a complete thought.

E.g. walks to work every day.

The reason being their good design

Learning a new language

Front 18

Gerund

Back 18

A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding 'ing'.

E.g. reading, singing, writing

Front 19

Transitions/connectives

Back 19

Transitions/connectives are words and phrases that connect and make logical transitions between sentences or paragraphs.

E.g. likewise, therefore

Front 20

Predicate

Back 20

The predicate completes an idea about a subject - it is the part of a sentence that is not the subject.

E.g. He stole my bike.

Front 21

Sentence

Back 21

A sentence is a set of words that completes in itself and makes sense.

Front 22

Restrictive clause

Back 22

A restrictive clause is a clause which functions as an adjective to identify the word it modifies. A restrictive clause is essential for the intended meaning. A restrictive clause is not offset with commas. For example:

The boy who broke the window is at the door.

Front 23

Non-restrictive clause

Back 23

A non-restrictive clause adds extra/non-essential information to a sentence.

E.g. Pat, who is a deep-sea fisherman, is training to be a lion tamer. The bold text describes Pat, but it does not identify him. It's just additional information about him. You could have put brackets around this text or even deleted it.

Front 24

Transitive verb

Back 24

A transitive verb has two characteristics. First, it is an action verb, expressing a doable activity

Second, it must have a direct object, something or someone who receives the action of the verb.

E.g. Joshua wants a smile from Ella, his beautiful but serious lab partner.

Wants = transitive verb; smile = direct object.

Front 25

Intransitive verb

Back 25

An intransitive verb has two characteristics. First, it is an action verb, expressing a doable activity.

Second, unlike a transitive verb, it will not have a direct object receiving the action.

E.g. Huffing and puffing, we arrived at the classroom door with only seven seconds to spare.

Front 26

Phrasal verb

Back 26

A phrasal verb is a phrase consisting of a verb and another element.

E.g. break down, see to, look down on

Front 27

Verb 'mood'

Back 27

Verb moods indicate a state of being or reality

Front 28

Indicative mood

Back 28

The indicative mood indicates a state of factuality and reality. Most sentences in English are in the indicative mood. It simply states a fact of some sort, or describes what happens, or gives details about reality.

E.g. A cat sits on the stove.

Front 29

Imperative mood

Back 29

The imperative mood indicates a state of command.

E.g. Give me back my money.

Front 30

Subjunctive mood

Back 30

A verb is in the subjunctive mood when it expresses a condition which is doubtful or not factual. It is most often found in a clause beginning with the word if. It is also found in clauses following a verb that expresses a doubt, a wish, regret, request, demand, or proposal.

E.g. If I were in your position, I would do the same.

I wish it were still in use.

Front 31

Nominalised verbs

Back 31

Nominalised verbs are when a verb or adjective is used as a noun

E.g. The charity walk raised money for cancer.

The downturn in the economy was the cause of the company’s problems.

Front 32

Modal verbs

Back 32

Modal verbs indicate modality - that is, likelihood, ability, permission, and obligation.

E.g. can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would

Front 33

Verb tense

Back 33

Verb tense is the timing of a verb

Front 34

Verb aspect

Back 34

The aspect of a verb is determined by whether the action is ongoing or not (finished action)