Praxis Ii Earth And Space Science 5571

Front 1

Earth's chemical layers: crust

Back 1

Outermost layer
0-35 km
Mostly basalt and granite
Least dense, coolest, and most rigid layer
Floats on top of the mantel

Front 2

Earth's chemical layers: crust

Back 2

Outermost layer

0-35 km

Mostly basalt and granite

Least dense, coolest, and most rigid layer

Floats on top of the mantel

Front 3

Earth's chemical layers: Mohorovicic discontinuity

Back 3

35-2890 km below the Earth's surface

39-70 km below the continental crust

6-8 km below the oceanic crust

(Nickname Moho)

Front 4

Earth's chemical layers: mantle

Back 4

Made up of rocks (peridotite and eclogite)

Temp 100-3500 Celsius

Cycles due to convection

Front 5

Earth's chemical layers: core

Back 5

Liquid outer layer and solid inner layer

2899-6378 km below the surface

Composed of iron and nickel (in theory)

Densest layer of earth

Front 6

Earth's sublayers: Lithosphere

Back 6

The crust and the upper most portion of the mantle.

0-60 km below the surface

Cooling layer of convection that thickens over time.

Made of granite and sedimentary rock

Front 7

Tectonic plates

Back 7

Solid shell of the earth

Front 8

Oceanic lithosphere

Back 8

Mafic basaltic rocks

Is generally thinner and less dense than the continental Lithosphere

Front 9

The athenosphere

Back 9

Soft, topmost layer of mantle

100-700 km below the surface

Composite materials are mostly plastic (changeable) due to heat and pressure

Front 10

The mesosphere

Back 10

900-2800 km below the surface

Spans from the lowest part of the mantle to the mantel core boundary

Front 11

Liquid outer core

Back 11

2890-5100 km below surface level

Front 12

Barbara McClintock (d 1992)

Back 12

First genetic map of maize (recombination is an exchange of chromosomal information and transposition)

Front 13

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (d 1723)

Back 13

magnifying glasses and observed single-celled organisms

Front 14

Acute effect

Back 14

immediate and short term response

Front 15

Aquaculture

Back 15

growing fish for consumption (1/3 of the worlds sea fish are from aquaculture)

Front 16

Biomagnification

Back 16

The increase in the amount of a toxin passeed up the food chain

Front 17

Bioremediation

Back 17

Conversion of hazardous wastes to other substances by the action of certain enzymes and bacteria

Front 18

Carcinogen

Back 18

A chemical, radiation or virus that causes cancer

Front 19

Chronic effect

Back 19

Long lasting response

Front 20

Cost-benefit analysis

Back 20

A weighing of pros and concs of an action as compared to taking no action

Front 21

Dose- response relationship

Back 21

The cause and effect connection between the amount of a substance that an organism takes into its body and the effect in the organism. Both frequency and amount is important

Front 22

Drift-net/gill net fishing

Back 22

Fishing with long nets attached to buoys. Bycatch includes whales and turtles

Front 23

Environmental risk analysis

Back 23

The process of predicting the statistical probability of damage from a hazard to the environmentor human benefits.

Front 24

Externalities

Back 24

External costs and benefits. (Air pollution)

Front 25

Hazardous chemical

Back 25

A chemical that can harm humans or animals by burning, exploding, interfering with respiration, irritating the skin, or causing an allergic reaction

Front 26

Heat Island

Back 26

An area with a higher temp than its surroundings (due to heat retaining materials like concrete)

Front 27

Long line fishing

Back 27

Fishing with long lines fitted with many hooks set with bait. Bycatch includes sea mammals sea birds and turtles

Front 28

Marginal cost

Back 28

The cost of one more action or making one more product

Front 29

Mutagen

Back 29

A chemical or radiation that causes changes in DNA molecules

Front 30

Phytoremediation

Back 30

Filtering hazardous wastes out of the environment by the action of some plants

Front 31

Planned development

Back 31

Development that results from considered and decided plans. A number of planned areas are grreed cities where car traffic is reduced and public transit is available.

Front 32

Primary air pollutant

Back 32

Harmful chemical that enters the air as a result of comustion or another process

Front 33

Purse-seine fishing

Back 33

Fishing with circular nets held down at the bottom with weights and up at the top with floats

Front 34

Secondary air pollutant

Back 34

Harmful chemical that forms when a primary air pollutant reacts with the air or anoter primary air pollutant

Front 35

Smog

Back 35

Named for a combination of smoke and fog (ozone from hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides in sunlight)

Front 36

Suburban sprawl/urban sprawl

Back 36

More and more people moving from citites to suburbs (loss of habitat)

Front 37

Sustainability

Back 37

Ability to sustain life in our environment

Front 38

Temperature inversion

Back 38

The reversal of the normal temp change of air with elevation.the warmer air is above cooler air and can keep pollutants near the ground

Front 39

Teratogen

Back 39

A chemical that causes birth defects in a fetus or embryo within someone taking in the chemical

Front 40

Toxic chemical

Back 40

A chemical that can harm or kill humans or animals, a poison, carcinogen, mutagen, or teratogen

Front 41

Trawler fishing

Back 41

Fishing by pulling nets through the water

Front 42

Urbanization

Back 42

More and more people moving from rural to urban and suburban areas. 80% of people in US live on less than 2% of the land. ~500 years ago, 5% lived in cities!