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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Population |
Group of individuals of same species inhabiting a specified geographical area |
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Demes |
Local population |
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Gene pool |
Complete set of genetic information in a population |
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Population genetics |
Study of frequency of alleles and genotypes within a population and change over time |
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Microevolution |
Change in allele frequency within a population |
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Calculation of allele frequencies |
F(A) = number of A alleles/ total no of alleles |
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P+Q |
p+q = 1 |
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Hardy Weinberg Principle |
Predicts a populations genotype frequency from its allele frequency |
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Relation b/w allele frequency and genotype frequency |
Random mating of individuals is equivalent to the random union of gametes |
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Probability of producing an AA homozygote |
P*p= p^2 |
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Probability of producing an aa homozygote |
Q*q= q^2 |
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Probability of forming an Aa heterozygote |
2pq |
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Allele frequency and genotype frequency |
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 |
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Assumptions of Hardy Weinberg principle |
• Random Mating • No Natural Selection • No Mutation • No Migration • Large Population Size |
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Random Mating |
Each individual - equal opportunity of mating with any other individual |
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Assortative Mating |
Members of population choose individuals of particular phenotypes more or less often than random |
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Inbreeding |
Mating between closely related individuals |
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Consanguineous Mating |
Humans - mating between relatives |
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Genetic Drift |
Random change in genetic frequency due to chance errorfrom one generation to another |
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Sex linked genes and hardy Weinberg equilibrium |
Heterogametic sex - p and q Homogametic sex - p^2, 2pq and q^2 |
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Polyploidy and hw principle |
(P+q)^n |
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Inbreeding coefficient |
Probability that two alleles of a given gene are identical by decent |
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Autozygous |
Alleles inherited from a common ancestor |
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Allozygous |
Alleles not identical by descent |
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Inbreeding associated with |
Reduction if heterozygosity and increase in homozygosity |
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Inbreeding coefficient equation |
F = He - Ho / He Or F = 2pq - Ho / 2pq |
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Frequency of inbreeding in alleles |
AA - p^2(1-F) + pF = p^2 + pqF Aa - 2pq(1-F) = 2pq - 2pqF aa - q^2(1-F) + qF = q^2 + pqF |
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Inbreeding depression |
Increased homozygosity for harmful alleles |
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Genetic Load |
Number of harmful alleles present in a gene pool |
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Heterosis (hybrid vigour) |
Beneficial consequences of increased heterozygosity like increased viability and reproduction |
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Heterozygote advantage |
When selection favours heterozygote individuals over either the dominant homozygote or the recessive homozygote |
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Population substructure |
Organisms that are subdivided into local populations |
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Wahlund Effect |
A subdivided population contains fewer heterozygotes than predicted |
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Effective population size |
The size of an idealised population showing the same rate of loss of genetic diversity as the real population under study |
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Census population size |
Number of individuals in a population |
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Fisher Wright population |
Idealized population |
