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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three classifications of Democracies |
-Parliamentary -Presidential -Semi-Presidental |
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Questions to figure out type |
-Whether the government is responsible the elected legislature - If the head of state populary elected for fixed term in office |
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Legislative responsibility |
A legislative majority has the the constitutional power to remove a government from office without cause |
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A vote of no confidence |
-Initiated by the legislature, the government must resign of it fails to obtain legislative majority |
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Constructive vote of no confidence |
Must Indicate who will replace the government if the incumbent (holder of office) loses a vote of no confidence |
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Vote of confidence |
-Initiated by the government, the government must resign if it fails to obtain legislative majority -Done to make difficult law pass |
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Presidential democracies pt1 |
-Their defing feature is that they do not have legislative majority responsibility |
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Semi-Presidental pt.1 |
-Has a head of state and legislative majority |
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Head of state |
- Person who is popular elected through a process where voters casts ballot directly for a candidate or cats ballots to an electoral college
- They serve a fixed term
-Can be a president, which can exist in all three types
-Also a monarch, which can only exist in parliamentary . They do not serve fixed terms or directly elected |
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Presidential pt.2 |
Democracies in which the government does not depend in a legislative majority to exist |
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Parliamentary |
Democracies in which the government depends on legislative majority to exist and in which the head of state is not popular elected for a fixed term
- The government consists of a prime minister and a cabinet -Voters do not elect governments, but representatives who then begin over who should go into the government |
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Semi-Presidential |
Democracies in which the government depends on legislative majority to exist and in which the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term |
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Prime minister |
The political chief executive and head of state |
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Cabinet |
Composes of ministers whose job it is to be in the cabinet and head the various government departments |
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Ministerial responsibility |
The constitutional doctrine by which cabinet ministers must bear ultimate responsibility for what happens in their ministry |
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Collective cabinet responsibility |
The doctrine by which ministers mist publicly support collective cabinet decisions or resign |
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Formateur |
The person designated to form the government in a parliamentary democracy
-Often chosen by the head of state (Prime minister) . Sometimes they have to appoint an informateur -Usually the leader of the largest legislative party |
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Informateur |
-Examines politically fesible coaltions and nominates a formateur
-Constitional monarchies often do this |
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Investiture Vote |
A formal vote in the legislature to determine whether a proposed government can take office - If it fails the formation process starts again |
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Care taker government |
-When an election is called or when an incumbent government resigns or is defeated in a vote of no confidence
-Remains in office till the next government formation process |
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Office-seeking politician |
Interested in the intrinsic benefits of office, wants as much office as possible |
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Policy seeking politician |
-Only wants to shape policy |
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Gamson's Law |
Cabinet portfolios are according to party amount |
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Least winning coalition |
The MCW with the lowest number of surplus seats |
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Connected Coalition |
Member parties are located directly next to each other in the policy space |
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Single-party majority government |
-Comprises a single party that controls a majority of the legislative seats |
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Minimal winning coalition |
There are no parties that are not required to control a legislative majority |
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Single party minority government |
A single part that does not command a majority of the legislative seats
- They have implicit majority
-Occur frequently and are often not short-lived
-Likely in corporatist countries
-Occur when opposition influence is strong -Less likely with a invesiture vote |
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Minority coalition government |
Multiple governmental parties that do not together command a majority of the seats |
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Surplus majority governments |
-Comprises more parties than are strictly necessary to control a majority of the legislative seats -Ocurrs in times of crisis such us after a war, needed to change the constitution, done to avoid blackmail |
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Corporatist Countries |
When interests groups have a role in policy |
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Pluralist |
When intrests groups have to compete outside the formal policy making process |
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Endogenous election timing |
-Poltical surfing -Poltical business cycle -Signaling |
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Poltical surfing |
The government waits until the economic conditions are right before calling an election |
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Poltical business |
The government actively manipulates the economy to engineer a short term economic high and then calls an election |
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Signaling |
Government times elections to happen before economic decline |
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Government in a pres democracy |
-The president and the cabinet -Cannot be dismissed by a legislative majority -Pres is always the formateur and their party is always in government
-Minority governments are more frequent
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Nonpartisan ministers |
someone who does not come from the legislator |
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Two types of semi presidential |
-Premier-presirential system -president-parliamentary system |
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Premier-presidential system |
The government is responsible to the legislature but not the president |
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president-parliamentary system |
The government is responsible to the legislature and the president |
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Government in semi-presidental |
Comprises a prime and a cabinet
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Executive branch in semi-presidental |
President and the government |
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Cohabitation |
-A president from one party and a prime minister from another -Happens when the party of the pres does not control a majority in the legislature No cohabitation the president is in charge. Cohabition and the prime minister is in charge |
