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4 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Renal cancers tend to have a mutation in what protein involved in angiogenesis? |
Mutation in pVHL leading to constitutive activation of HIF-1α and ∴ activation of VEGF → angiogenesis
See metastasis lecture for mechanism |
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What type of drugs target the process of angiogenesis? |
VEGF receptor kinase inhibitors e.g. Sunitinib |
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Describe hormone treatment for prostate cancer. |
Prostate cancer cells, like normal prostate cells, need testosterone (from the testis) to proliferate (hormone-dependent cancer).
First line treatment for prostate cancer → castration therapy > Surgical castration > Chemical castration → GnRH agonists → overstimulation of HPG axis → -ve fb
(GNRH antagonists, oestrogens and androgen recepetor antagonists are also used as chemical castration) |
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What is the difference between predictive markers and prognostic markers in stratified medicine? |
Predictive markers > predict which patients will benefit from specific treatment > aids drug choice
Prognostic markers > Inform about outcome regardless of treatment > May help choose which patients to treat, but now how to treat them > eg circulating T-cells in breast carcinoma
Oestrogen receptor (ER) is both predictive and prognostic for breast cancer |
